What is the latest origin of Lentinus edodes?

Lentinus edodes, also known as mushrooms, mushrooms, incense, mushrooms, is the fruiting body of mushrooms of the family Pleurotus ostreatus. Lentinus edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world, and it is also one of the specialties of our country. It is known as "Shanzhen" in the folk. It is a kind of fungus growing on wood. Today, the editor of Qiannong Network will introduce to you the places where Lentinus edodes come from.

What are the producing areas of Lentinus edodes?

Lentinus edodes is born on fallen trees of broad-leaved trees in winter and spring, grouped, scattered or solitary. The main producing areas of Lentinus edodes are Zunhua, Pingquan County, Gaomi, Guangrao, Xixia, Lushi County, Biyang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and so on.

The cultivation of Lentinus edodes originated in China and has a history of more than 800 years. Wu Sangong, a farmer in Longyan Village, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, invented the method of flower cutting and cultivation in the Song Dynasty, which later spread all over the country. It was introduced into Japan through monk communication. The flower-cutting cultivation of Lentinus edodes originated in China, while the current mycelium inoculation cultivation of Lentinus edodes originated in Japan. By 1989, the total output of Lentinus edodes in China surpassed that of Japan for the first time, making China the largest producer of Lentinus edodes in the world.

Environmental conditions of producing area of Lentinus edodes

1. Temperature condition: under moist condition, the optimum temperature for basidiospore germination is 22-26 ℃. The temperature range of mycelium growth is 5-24 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 24-27 ℃. However, due to the protective effect of wood, mushroom wood can survive safely in the cold mountain where the temperature is lower than-20 ℃ or in the low altitude area where the temperature is higher than 40 ℃. Lentinus edodes is a kind of mushroom with low temperature and variable temperature. The primordium of Lentinus edodes differentiated at 8-21 ℃, and the differentiation was the best at 10-12 ℃. The fruiting body developed in the range of 5-24 ℃, and 8-16 ℃ was the most suitable. In the same variety, in the suitable range, the fruiting body developed slowly, the stipe was short, the flesh was thick and the quality was good at the lower temperature (10-12 ℃), while at the high temperature (more than 20 ℃), the fruiting body developed rapidly, the stalk was long, the flesh was thin, and the quality was poor. Under the condition of constant temperature, Lentinus edodes does not form fruiting body.

2. Water conditions: in sawdust medium, the optimum water content for mycelium growth is 60-70%; in mushroom wood, the suitable water content is 32-40%, the survival rate is not high when inoculated below 32%, and the mycelium growth is very poor under the condition of 10% Mur15%. During the period of fruiting body formation, the water content of mushroom wood is about 60%, and the air humidity is 80-90%.

3. Nutritional material basis

Lentinus edodes is a kind of wood-rot fungus, the main nutrients are carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts and vitamins. All kinds of nutrients in mushroom wood and culture medium can be absorbed and utilized by Lentinus edodes only when they are dissolved in water.

① carbon source: Lentinus edodes mycelium can use a wide range of carbon sources, including monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

② nitrogen source: Lentinus edodes mycelium can use organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but can not use nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. In the vegetative growth stage of Lentinus edodes mycelium, the ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source was 25-40:1, and high concentration of nitrogen would inhibit the primordium differentiation of Lentinus edodes. In the stage of reproductive growth, higher carbon is required.

③ mineral elements: in addition to magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus and potassium, the co-existence of iron, zinc and manganese can promote the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium and complement each other. Calcium and boron can inhibit the mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes.

④ vitamins: the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium must absorb vitamin B1, other vitamins are not needed. The concentration of vitamin B1 suitable for the growth of Lentinus edodes is about 100um per liter of culture medium. In the cultivation of Lentinus edodes mycelia secrete a variety of enzymes to decompose lignin cellulose starch and other macromolecules and absorb carbon sources nitrogen sources and mineral elements from the phloem and xylem of Lentinus edodes.

4. The air of producing area: Lentinus edodes belongs to aerobic fungi, and enough fresh air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of Lentinus edodes. The cultivation environment is too closed and easy to produce abnormal Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus.

5. Light from the place of origin: Lentinus edodes is a light-dependent fungus, and diffuse light with suitable intensity is a necessary condition for Lentinus edodes to complete its normal life cycle. However, mycelium growth does not require light. The results showed that blue light at the wavelength of 380-540nm could inhibit the growth of mycelium, but was the most favorable for the formation of primordia. The differentiation, growth and development of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes need light. Fruiting bodies cannot be formed without light. Studies have shown that the light intensity of 40-7-lx is more suitable. The primordium of Lentinus edodes tends to grow in the dark, with small cover, long stalk, light color, thin meat and poor quality.

6. pH condition: the pH value of the culture medium suitable for the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium is 5-6. The pH value of 3.5-4.5 is suitable for the formation of Lentinus edodes primordium and the development of fruiting body. In the process of wood decay, the pH value of mushroom wood decreased continuously, thus promoting the formation of fruiting body.