What is the latest distribution of Chinese cabbage?

Chinese cabbage is cruciferous brassica leaf vegetables, originated in China, also known as "cabbage","cabbage","yellow bud white","rubber vegetables", etc., in Cantonese called "Shao vegetables", in our north and south all over the cultivation, let's take a look at the origin of Chinese cabbage distribution which bar!

Distribution of Chinese Cabbage

Chinese cabbage is widely cultivated in all parts of China, mainly in North China and south of Yangtze River, and its planting area accounts for 40%-60% of the planting area of autumn, winter and spring vegetables.

Chinese cabbage classified by time

According to morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and cultural characteristics, cabbage can be divided into autumn and winter cabbage, spring cabbage and summer cabbage, each including different types of varieties.

1. Autumn and winter cabbage: widely cultivated in southern China, with many varieties. The plant type is erect or girdle, mainly cultivated in autumn and winter. It can be divided into white stalk type and green stalk type according to the color of petiole. The representative varieties of white stalk type include Nanjing short foot yellow, Changzhou long white stalk, Guangdong short foot black leaf, Hefei small leaf vegetable, etc. Shanghai Aiji, Hangzhou Zaoyoudong and Changzhou Qinggencai are the representative varieties of Qinggencai.

2. Spring cabbage: the plants are mostly developed, and a few are upright or slightly corset. Winter strong, cold, high yield. According to bolting time and supply period, it can be divided into early spring vegetables and late spring vegetables. The representative varieties of early spring vegetables include Nanjing Liangbai Ye with white stem, Hangzhou Late Oil Winter with Wuxi March White and Green Stem, Shanghai March Slow, etc. The representative varieties of late spring vegetables include Nanjing April White with white stems, Hangzhou Silkworm Cabbage, etc. and Shanghai April Man and May Man with green stems.

3, summer cabbage: summer and autumn high temperature season cultivation, also known as "fire cabbage","Fu Cai", representative varieties are Shanghai fire cabbage, Guangzhou Maer cabbage, Nanjing short miscellaneous No. 1 and so on.

Classification of Chinese cabbage by morphology

Chinese cabbage is divided into four varieties, among which the heading variety is divided into three ecotypes.

1, scattered leaf variety: scattered leaf variety is the original type of cabbage, leaves spread, do not form a leaf ball. Strong resistance, more fiber, poor quality, edible part is divided into rosette leaves, has gradually eliminated. The representative variety is Shandong Laiwu cabbage.

2. Semi-spherical variant: the seed ball of semi-spherical variant is loose, the top of the ball is open, and it is in a semi-spherical state. Cold tolerance is strong, fertilizer and water requirements are not strict, lotus leaf and leaf ball are the same products. Representative varieties are Liaoning Xingcheng large Cuocai, Shanxi Yangcheng large raw edge, etc.

3. Flowering variety: The ball leaves of the flowering variety are folded into a solid leaf ball, but the top of the ball is not closed, and the tip of the leaf is turned outward, and the turned part is yellow, yellowish or white. Strong heat resistance, short growth period, not resistant to storage, mostly used for early summer and autumn cultivation. Representative varieties are Beijing turn heart white, Shandong Jinan white heart and so on.

4. Ball variety: Ball variety is an advanced type of Chinese cabbage evolution. The ball leaves are fused to form a solid leaf ball. The top of the ball is blunt or round, closed or nearly closed. It is widely cultivated, requires high fertilizer and water conditions and fine management, has high yield, good quality and storage tolerance, and is divided into three basic ecotypes:

① Oval type: also known as "marine climate ecotype", leaf ball oval, spherical index (leaf ball height to cross-section diameter ratio) is about 1.5. The way of leaf ball embracing is folding or closing. There are many bulbous leaves, belonging to "leaf number type". It requires a mild, humid climate and an environment that does not change dramatically. The representative varieties of Shandong Peninsula in China are Baotou, Jiaoxian cabbage, Liaoning induced big and small roots, etc.

(2) Flat head type: also known as "continental climate ecotype", leaf ball inverted conical, spherical index close to 1, spherical top flat, completely closed, overlapping. Bulb leaves larger, less leaves, is a "leaf heavy", it requires a mild climate, day and night temperature difference, sunny environment, severe temperature changes and dry air has a certain adaptability. The central areas of cultivation are central Henan, western Shandong and southern Hebei. Representative varieties are Luoyang Baotou, Shandong Baotou, Guan County, Taiyuan Baotou, Shanxi and so on.

(3) Straight type: also known as "cross climate ecotype", the leaf bulb is slender and cylindrical, the spherical index is about 4, the top of the bulb is blunt and pointed, and it is close to closed twist. Ball leaf long obovate. The central area of cultivation is the eastern part of Hebei Province near Bohai Bay, which is basically marine climate. However, due to its proximity to Inner Mongolia, it is often impacted by continental climate, which makes this ecotype form a strong climate adaptability. Representative varieties are Tianjin Qingma leaf Hebei Yutian package tip, Liaoning River head cabbage and so on. The hybrids among these three ecotypes and with other varieties gave rise to secondary types, such as flathead, flathead oval, cylindrical, straight and round flower centers. In the mid-1960s, China began to study the utilization of heterosis in Chinese cabbage. In the mid-1970s, it was used for production. The hybrid generation with large planting area included Qingza Zhongfeng, Shandong No.4 and Beijing 106.