The latest course of planting techniques and methods of Pleurotus ostreatus

Tea tree mushroom, also known as tea mushroom, is delicious, crisp and delicious, fragrant but without peculiar smell. The mushroom body contains 18 kinds of amino acids and a variety of mineral elements. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that tea tree mushroom has the effects of removing dampness, diuresis, invigorating spleen and stomach and so on. It is one of the delicious and rare edible fungi, and it is the most popular mushroom dish in banquets and restaurants at present. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

Biological characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Nutrition: tea mushroom is a kind of wood-rot fungus, because of its non-insect laccase activity, its ability to utilize lignin is weak, but its protease activity is strong, and its protein utilization ability is strong. Increasing the proportion of organic nitrogen (such as wheat husk, rice bran corn meal, cake fertilizer, etc.) in the cultivation material is beneficial to increase the yield.

2. Moisture: the water content of the culture material of Pleurotus ostreatus is controlled at 64%-67%, and the mycelium grows faster. If the culture material is dry or wet, it is not conducive to the growth of mycelium. When the fruiting body is formed, the air relative humidity decreases from 100% to 85%, which can promote the robust development of the fruiting body.

3. Temperature: Pleurotus ostreatus grows in temperate zone to subtropical zone, so it can resist high temperature and low temperature. The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus could grow normally at 5-35 ℃, the optimum temperature range was 18-28 ℃, the fruiting body formation temperature was 13-28 ℃, and the most suitable temperature was 18-24 ℃.

4. Air: tea mushroom is an aerobic fungus, which is very sensitive to carbon dioxide. Fresh air should be supplied in both mycelium growth stage and fruiting body growth stage. However, in the fruiting body growth stage, the stalk of Pleurotus ostreatus can be elongated by properly increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide, so as to increase the yield.

5. Light: the mycelium growth process of Pleurotus ostreatus usually does not need light, but its fruiting body has obvious phototaxis, and a certain amount of scattered light is needed for primordium formation and fruiting body development. therefore, when mushroom is produced, a strong scattered light is required in the cultivation chamber (500ml 1000 lux), which is beneficial to the formation of primordium and the growth of fruiting body.

6. PH (PH value): the PH value of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is between 4 and 6.5.The optimum pH value is 5.56.The mycelium growth is sparse and slow below or above pH 4.

Planting techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Selection and breeding of excellent strains: at present, there are many strains of tea-to-mushroom, such as Pleurotus ostreatus-1, Pleurotus ostreatus-3, Pleurotus ostreatus-5, Jiangxi AS78.AS982 and so on. Our district mainly promotes tea tree mushroom-3 and tea tree mushroom-5, which are suitable for fresh sale and dry production. However, no matter which strain is selected, the mycelium is required to be thick and white, and it is normal for the original seed and cultivated seed surface to grow as small bodies as Flammulina velutipes, but if the mycelium is sparse and thin, the food is not complete, miscellaneous spots or yellow water should not be used.

2. Cultivation season: tea mushroom can be cultivated year-round in our region because it is resistant to high temperature and low temperature, but its yield and quality are different in different seasons, so the suitable cultivation period must be selected in order to obtain high yield and high efficiency. According to the local cultivation experiments, it is suitable to be planted in spring or autumn, especially the yield is higher in spring. In production, it is generally arranged that the temperature rises to 20 ℃ in spring and 25 ℃ in autumn. Therefore, the suitable period for spring planting in our area is to make bags from January to February, to produce mushrooms from April to May or bags from September to October, and from November to December.

3. Formula of culture material

① sawdust 36.5%, cotton husk 36.5%, wheat husk or rice bran 25%, light calcium carbonate 1%, sucrose 1%.

② cottonseed hull 78%, wheat husk or rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 0.5%, lime 0.5%.

4. Manufacture of bacterial bag

① batches according to the above formula according to the quantity required for production. The raw materials are required to be fresh, mildew-free, pest-free, the mixture should be uniform, the cottonseed shell can be pre-wet in advance, and the water content of the culture material is about 65%. Select the specification 17cm × 35cm × 0.05cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag, each bag contains dry material 0.35kg or so, height 14-15cm, loading loose and tight moderate, in the middle to reserve a diameter 2~2.5cm, depth 8~10cm inoculation hole, leveling the material surface, timely put on the collar and plug cotton plug (can also be tied with hemp rope, braided thread), and then sterilized under atmospheric pressure. The temperature is usually increased to 100 ℃ within 4 hours and kept for 10-14 hours. Tea mushroom anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability is weak, so sterilization should be thorough, the production process should strictly prevent bacterial bag stab, grinding perforation, in order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution. In order to prevent the puncture of the bacterial bag, the "double bacterial bag" method (two plastic bags together) can also be used to make the culture bag.

After sterilization, the ② culture material can not be inoculated until the temperature of the culture material drops below 30 ℃. The inoculation box or inoculation room should be sterilized completely, and the amount of inoculation should be 30-40 bags per bottle (bag). When inoculating, part of the bacteria should be inserted into the hole reserved when bagging, and some of them should be left on the surface of the material, which can accelerate the bacteria and mycelium cover. Culture should be avoided after inoculation. The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus recovers slowly and is prone to miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests, so we should pay attention to the cleanliness, dryness and ventilation of the culture room after inoculation, so as to prevent the influence of high and low temperature and promote the uniform production of mycelium. And often check, if there is a bacterial bag contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, it should be moved out in time to prevent the spread of spread. Generally, the hyphae can be filled with bacteria bags 30-40 days after inoculation.

5. Mushroom production management

① under normal conditions, Pleurotus ostreatus can produce mushrooms 50-60 days after inoculation. Budding management should be carried out before mushroom emergence. When budding, the bacterial bag can be discharged upright or stacked on the wall. Then pull out the cotton plug or cut off the thread, and straighten the mouth of the bag to push the bud, upright discharge about 80 bags per square meter. Let the hyphae change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The color of the material surface is also transformed. At first, there is yellow water, then it turns brown, and a small mushroom bud appears.

② should increase the relative humidity of the air and keep it at 95-98%, and should spray water to moisturize sooner or later.

The light intensity of ③ is controlled at 500-1000 lux and the temperature is controlled in the range of 18-24 ℃, so that a large number of fruit bodies occur 10-15 days after bag opening.

After ④ produces mushrooms, it is necessary to appropriately reduce space humidity and reduce ventilation. At this time, the relative humidity of the cultivation space is reduced to 90-95%, and the times and time of ventilation are reduced, so that too much oxygen can easily lead to early opening of umbrellas, short stalks and thin meat. If the mushroom buds are too dense, you can also sparse the buds, 6-8 per bag, with a moderate number, neat growth, good shape and thick stalk, otherwise it will affect the quality and yield of mushrooms.

⑤ should be harvested when the cap of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus begins to spread and the ring does not fall off. Because the stipe of Pleurotus ostreatus is brittle and easy to break, the base should be plucked down during harvest to prevent damage to young mushrooms. After harvest, the material surface of the bacterial bag should be cleaned, the mouth of the bag should be pinched, and the mycelium should be restored for 2-3 days, then the mouth of the bag can be opened, heavy water can be drenched once, and the above management can be repeated. After 5-7 days, a tide of mushrooms can grow again, and a total of 4-6 tide mushrooms can be harvested.

Pest control of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is often polluted by miscellaneous bacteria and invaded by diseases and insect pests in the process of bag production and cultivation management. therefore, in the process of cultivation, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests must be strengthened.

1. Do a good job in environmental sanitation, eliminate the sources of diseases and insect pests: do a good job in environmental sanitation inside and outside the mushroom room, clean up garbage in time, especially rotten mushrooms, mushroom roots and waste culture materials, so as to prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria or adults to lay eggs, eliminate the sources of diseases and insect pests, and reduce diseases and insect pests.

2. Light trapping: the adults of mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies have phototaxis and can be trapped and killed by black light or high-voltage electrostatic anti-pest lamp.

3. Chemical control: spray directly to the bacterial bag with 1500 times of fipronil. Regent pesticide has contact, stomach poison and internal absorption and conduction effects on mushroom mosquitoes, mosquitoes and flies, and the larvae will be sprayed again after three days of serious damage.