The latest course on the techniques and methods of pest control in eggplant

Eggplant was first produced in India and was introduced into China in the 4th-5th century AD. The cultivated area of eggplant in China is about 3 million mu. The main diseases are eggplant cotton blight, eggplant brown stripe, sudden fall, blight and so on. The main pests are red spiders and Liriomyza huidobrensis. Let's take a look at eggplant pest control techniques.

Eggplant cotton blight

[damage symptoms] eggplant cotton blight is also known as "rotten eggplant", "egg drop" and so on. In addition to harm eggplant, but also harm tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes and so on. On eggplant, it is mainly harmful to fruits, stems and leaves, and flower organs can also be damaged. The fruit initially appeared waterlogged round or oval brown spots, rapidly expanded and sunken, often the whole fruit rotted, white loose mildew when wet, the internal pulp became black and rotten, easy to detach from the calyx. Water-immersed dark brown spots were produced on the twigs, which overflowed and withered and withered, while the seedlings were susceptible to the disease.

[disease condition] the pathogen overwintered mainly on the diseased remains in the soil, and in the second year it could directly infect the stem or root of the seedling, or splashed on the fruit near the ground by Rain Water to cause fruit disease. The spores on the disease spot are re-infected by wind, rain and watering. General 7-August, continuous rain, muggy weather, low-lying nest wind, poor drainage, weak growth when the disease is serious.

[control methods] resistant varieties were selected for ①, such as Beijing nine-leaf eggplant, six-leaf eggplant, Tianjin Dawei, Liaoqie 3, Fengyan 1, Jinan Zaoxiaochang eggplant and so on. ② agricultural control: avoid continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops. Select sandy loam with high dryness and good drainage, high border or small high ridge planting or wide ridge close planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, remove diseased old leaves in time and concentrate treatment, can not be used to compost fertilizer, harvest and clean up the diseased fruit in time after rain. ③ chemical control: spray once before the onset of the disease or before the onset of the rainy season. After the disease, remove the diseased fruit and leaves, spray once in about 7 days, 2-3 times in a row. The medicament has 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 160Bordeaux solution, 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution, 50% carbendan 500 times solution. At the peak of the disease, 72% of DuPont Kelu wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder and 64% poisonous alum wettable powder were sprayed.

Brown streak of eggplant (also known as dry rot)

[damage symptoms] when the seedlings were injured, similar fusiform waterlogged spots were formed at the base of the stem near the ground, and then turned dark brown, sunken and contracted. When the conditions are suitable, the disease spot expands around the stem and the seedlings are quenched. Leaf damage, first from the bottom of the leaf disease, gradually developed to the upper, began to produce watery brown, gray or light brown in the middle, many small black spots in the central whorl. The disease spot is easy to crack when dry, and perforation is easy to be formed in cloudy and rainy days. Stem damage, disease spot is uncertain, sometimes water-stained fusiform disease spot, dark brown edge, gray-white in the middle, many small black spots, disease spot gradually sunken dry rot, and connected into a longer necrotic area. The fruit suffered the most seriously, at the beginning of the disease, there were yellowish-brown spots on the fruit surface, slightly sunken, round or oval, expanding rapidly, the fruit was semi-soft rotten, and in the later stage, there were many small black spots, and finally the diseased fruit rotted off or dried on the branches.

[disease condition] eggplant brown streak is a fungal disease, which only infects eggplant. The pathogen overwinters on the remains of the soil surface disease, and it can also winter on the seeds. Seed-borne bacteria is not only the main cause of seedling quenching and blight, but also the way of long-distance transmission of pathogens. The field spread mainly by Rain Water, insects and field operations. The suitable temperature for the disease is 28-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 85%. The disease is serious in North China from July to August with high temperature and rainy, or high temperature and high humidity. It is also easy to cause disease when the cultivation density is too high. In addition, continuous cropping, poor drainage, heavy soil, too much nitrogen fertilizer and early spring eggplant planting too late, the disease is also serious.

[control methods] ① seed treatment: soak the seeds with 40% formalin 100x solution for 15 minutes, remove them and rinse them with clean water, or soak the seeds with 1000 times mercury solution for 10 minutes. ② agricultural control: rotation with other vegetables for 2-3 years. Carry on the seedbed disinfection, the five generation mixture is 8-10 grams per square meter, or 50% carbendazim is 10 grams, add fine soil 20 grams to mix well, before sowing, sprinkle on the border surface, after sowing, cover with 2 gamma 3 herbal soil. Strengthen cultivation management, that is, N, P, K fertilizers should be used together, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, diseased plants and leaves should be found, and diseased fruits should be removed in time. ③ medicament control: at the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50% methyl topiramate, 65% mancozeb and 70% mancozeb were used. Spray every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.

Cataplexy

[damage symptoms] sudden collapse, also known as neck jam, is mainly infected at the seedling stage. Seeds can occur after germination and before they are unearthed. The disease is rotten seed or bud before it is unearthed. After being unearthed to 2 true leaves, it mainly occurs at the base of the stem. The base of the stem near the ground of the diseased seedling showed water-stained spots, then yellowed and constricted into a linear shape, and when the cotyledons did not wilt, the seedlings fell on the ground, that is, when the seedlings fell, the leaves were still bright green, so it was called quenching disease. When the environment is wet, a layer of white woolly hyphae grows on the diseased seedlings and the nearby soil.

[disease conditions] the pathogen overwintered in the soil with the remains of the diseased plant, or saprophytic in humus. Bacteria can survive in the soil for 2-3 years, and there are more bacteria in the soil with high content of organic matter. Germs are spread by Rain Water or the flow of water in the soil. When the temperature is 15-20 ℃, the reproduction is faster. Therefore, when raising seedlings in spring or winter, encounter rainy or snowy weather, or the greenhouse has poor heat preservation, poor ventilation, too much watering, often low seedling bed temperature, high humidity, and serious sudden collapse disease.

[control methods] selection of disease-resistant varieties for ①: according to local consumption habits and temperature conditions, low-temperature-tolerant or early-maturing varieties were selected, such as Jinan Xiaochang eggplant, 94-1 early-long eggplant low temperature-tolerant varieties, Liaoqie 1, Liaoqie 4 cold-tolerant varieties, etc. ② soil disinfection: 2-3 weeks before sowing, mix 5 grams of methyl topiramate and 50 times fine soil per square meter and sprinkle them in the seedbed, or mix 7-8 grams of 65% Dysen zinc and 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder, or 50% carbendazim 8-10 grams plus 15 kg fine soil to make medicine soil, pour through the bottom water before sowing, after the water seeps, sprinkle 1X on the bed surface. Then cover the remaining 2 thumb and 3 medicinal soil on the seed, about 1 cm thick, so that the seed is sandwiched between the medicinal soil. ③ agricultural prevention and control: the seedbed should choose fertile land with high dry terrain and good drainage. In the greenhouse, the garden soil that has not grown eggplant fruit vegetables for many years should be selected as bed soil. Strengthen the ventilation and humidity of the seedling raising place before sowing, and the bed soil should be fully exposed to the sun. Watering as little as possible after emergence, in order to improve the ground temperature, and timely ventilation and light transmission. The greenhouse was covered with no dripping film to improve the light conditions in order to facilitate photosynthesis and improve the disease resistance of seedlings. It can also spray 800 times Lvfeng 95 plant growth regulator to enhance the resistance of seedlings.

[chemical control] after the disease of the seedlings, the leaves were sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 64% chlorothalonil M8 wettable powder, 1000 times dimethazone solution, or 500x thiram solution, or 800x carbendazim solution. When the disease occurs, the root is irrigated with potassium permanganate solution of 800-1000 times, and then the leaf surface is cleaned.