The latest distribution of pea production area

Peas, also known as green beans, Dutch beans, small cold beans, Huai beans, sesame beans, green beans, remaining beans, etc., belong to long-term cold season beans, originated thousands of years ago in western Asia, the Mediterranean region, Ethiopia, western Asia minor, all Transcaucasian, Iran and Turkmenistan are its secondary centers of origin, and China is the second largest pea producer in the world after Canada. Next, let's take a look at the distribution of peas.

The origin of peas

Vavilo of the Soviet Union believes that the origin center of pea is Ethiopia, the Mediterranean and Central Asia, the sub-center of evolution is the near East, and some people think that it originated from the southern Caucasus to Iran. Peas were first introduced eastward from the country of origin to northern India, to China through Central Asia, to Japan in the 16th century, and to the United States after the discovery of the New World.

Mediterranean pea, a wild species of the genus Pea, is also distributed in Central Asia, the near East and northern Africa. This species is fertile and may be the original type of modern pea. Peas are now the fourth largest legume crop in the world.

Distribution of producing area of pea

1. Domestic origin: peas are mainly distributed in the middle and northeast of China, and the main producing areas are Sichuan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Jiangxi and other provinces.

2. Foreign origin: peas are mainly produced in western Asia, the Mediterranean region, Ethiopia, western Asia minor and other regions.

The producing environment of pea

The main results are as follows: 1. Pea is a long-sunshine plant, which likes freezing and humid climate, cold tolerance and non-heat tolerance. The seedlings can withstand 5 ℃ low temperature, the optimum temperature in the growing period is 12-16 ℃, the optimum temperature in the pod-setting stage is 15-20 ℃, the fertilization rate is low, the pods are less and the yield is low when it is more than 25 ℃. The growth period of most varieties in the north is shorter than that in the south. The southern varieties moved northward to blossom and bear pods earlier, which shortened the seedling stage of overwintering in the south with spring sowing in the north, so in the north, the growth period of pea was 65-75 days for early-maturing species, 75-100 days for middle-maturing varieties and 100-185 days for late-maturing varieties.

2. Peas are not strict with the soil, and can be planted on sandy soil or newly reclaimed land with good drainage. It is suitable to loosen the neutral (pH6.0~7.0) soil with high organic matter, which is beneficial to the emergence of seedlings and the development of rhizobium. When the soil acidity is lower than pH5.5, diseases are easy to occur and pod rate is reduced, so lime should be added to improve.

3. Pea has deep roots, slightly tolerant to drought but not resistant to moisture, poor drainage of sowing or seedlings, poor drought and fertilization at flowering stage, and easy to form empty pods or blighted pods.