The latest planting time of peas

Pea is an annual climbing herb sown in spring or autumn. It is the fourth largest legume crop in the world. It can be used as human food and animal feed. The planting area of peas in China is about 1.2959 million hectares, with a total output of 10.2743 million tons. So when are peas planted? How long is the planting time for peas? Let's learn about it with the editor today.

The planting time of peas

Pea is a kind of cool long-day crop, which is not heat-resistant, so it is popular to overwintering and sow autumn harvest in many parts of the Yangtze River valley; of course, spring sowing and summer harvest is still common in alpine areas and northern China. As the requirement of sunshine length of pea is not strict, as long as the suitable variety is selected, it can also be planted in spring and autumn in the Yangtze River basin.

1. Overwintering planting: overwintering planting is the most important planting form in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. generally, the winter fallow land, especially the cotton field after cotton harvest, can not only be used as a natural support for cotton stalk, but also achieve the purpose of increasing income and raising land. Overwintering planting is generally sown from late October to mid-November, overwintering in the open field, and harvested from April to May the following year. If the sowing is too early, the growth is too prosperous before winter, and it is easy to freeze to death when the cold wave comes in winter; sowing too late, the root system of the plant is not developed enough before winter, the next spring is late, and the yield is low.

2. Spring planting: sowing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from late February to early March, and harvesting before the advent of high temperature; spring sowing and summer harvest in Northeast China, usually sowing from April to May, and early sowing with shed, plastic film and other mulching according to needs. Planting in spring has a short growing period, low temperature in the early stage and high temperature in the later stage, so it is necessary to choose cold-tolerant varieties with short growing period, such as red flowers, sweet and crispy peas, and sow as early as possible.

3. Autumn planting: early-maturing varieties should be selected for autumn planting, sowing at the beginning of September, and harvested before the cold wave in late November. The planting growth period in autumn is also short, so the seedlings can be raised in advance in summer in the shade shed and covered with plastic film in winter to extend the growth period.

Growth habits of pea

1. Peas prefer cold and humid climate, cold tolerance and heat tolerance. The seedlings can withstand 5 ℃ low temperature, the optimum temperature in the growing period is 12-16 ℃, and the optimum temperature in the podding stage is 15-20 ℃ more than 25 ℃. The fertilization rate is low, the pods are few, and the yield is low.

2. Peas are long-sunshine plants. The growth period of most varieties in the north is shorter than that in the south. The southern varieties moved northward to blossom and bear pods earlier, which shortened the seedling stage of overwintering in the south with spring sowing in the north, so in the north, the growth period of pea was 65-75 days for early-maturing species, 75-100 days for middle-maturing varieties and 100-185 days for late-maturing varieties.

3. Pea can be planted on sandy soil or newly reclaimed land with good drainage, but loose neutral soil with high organic matter (pH6.0-7.0) is suitable, which is beneficial to seedling emergence and the development of rhizobium. Pea is prone to disease and reduce pod rate when soil acidity is lower than pH5.5, so lime should be added. The root system of pea is deep, slightly tolerant to drought but not resistant to moisture, poor drainage of sowing or seedlings, poor drought and fertilization at flowering stage, and easy to form empty pods or blighted pods.

Sowing techniques of pea

1. Seed selection and germination: 40% salt water is used to select seeds before sowing, to remove unsubstantial or pest-infested seeds, to germinate seeds before sowing, and to treat seeds at a low temperature of 0-2 ℃ for 15 days before sowing.

2. Mixing seeds with rhizobium: mixing seeds with rhizobium is an effective measure to increase yield. After mixing seeds with rhizobium, nodules increase, stems and leaves grow vigorously, pods are more, and the yield is high. The method of seed dressing is 10 grams of rhizobium per mu, add a little water and mix well with the seeds before sowing.

3. Fertilization and sowing: barnyard manure, compost and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied before sowing in the field, especially phosphate fertilizer has obvious effect on increasing production. Peas are sowed on demand, with row spacing of 10 cm and plant spacing of 5 cm. Sow 2-6 seeds per hole and cover 5-6 cm when the soil is wet. The soil is thicker when it is dry. Use 10kg to 15kg per mu.