The most time spent planting in New Zealand

Broccoli originates in the eastern coastal area of the Mediterranean. At present, it has been cultivated in both the south and the north of China. It has become one of the main daily vegetables with rich nutrients, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins and carotene. Its nutritional composition ranks first among similar vegetables. It is known as the "vegetable crown" and has high planting prospects. Let's take a look at the planting time of broccoli.

Planting time of broccoli

The planting time of broccoli usually begins to sow in autumn, grows in winter, goes on the table normally after the Spring Festival, blossoms in spring to seed maturity in April and May, and seedlings in summer and autumn are raised in the high temperature season from August to October, when the temperature is generally above 25 ℃, sometimes 30-35 ℃, coupled with the harm of rainstorm and hail, so shade net is used to raise seedlings in the open field, and the seedling age is generally 35-40 days. Sowing or direct hole planting can be used, the average seedling stage is about 30 days, from planting to harvest 80-90 days, the winter is slightly stronger, the seedling stem diameter 10 mm can accept the effect of low temperature to complete the vernalization process.

The planting environment of broccoli

1. Illumination: broccoli does not have very strict requirements for light, but it likes sufficient light in the process of growth. When the light is sufficient, the plant grows healthily, which can form a strong nutrient, which is conducive to photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, and makes the flower bulb compact and compact. Bright green color is good, too strong sunshine in midsummer is also not conducive to the growth and development of broccoli.

2. Temperature: in the range of 5-20 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the faster the growth and development of broccoli is. The optimum temperature for germination is 20-25 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth at seedling stage is 15-20 ℃. It has strong cold and heat tolerance. The optimum temperature for growth at rosette stage is 20-22 ℃, and the suitable temperature for flower head development is 15-18 ℃. When the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the quality of flower bulb is easy to deteriorate, but as long as it is not damaged by freezing. The flower bulb can grow slowly at the low temperature of 5 ℃ or below.

3. Moisture: broccoli needs more water in the whole growth process, especially in the period of vigorous leaf growth and flower head formation, even if it is short-term drought, it will reduce the yield. rainy or high soil moisture at seedling stage can easily cause diseases such as black rot and black spot, and the field moisture capacity of about 70-80% in the period of flower head formation can meet the growth needs.

4. Soil: broccoli is not strict on soil conditions, but if it is too barren, the plant will develop poorly, and the yield and quality will be low, while the over-fertile soil will lead to loose buds and hollow moss, so it is suitable to be planted on loam and sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation, deep plough layer, loose and fertile soil, strong water and conservation efforts, soil PH range of 5.5-8, but 6 is the best.

Seedling raising techniques of broccoli

1. Variety selection: broccoli belongs to cool vegetables. Choose varieties with strong plant growth, dark green buds, few burnt buds, curved flower balls, few lateral buds, small buds, large flower heads, disease resistance, heat resistance, cold tolerance and wide adaptability, such as Japanese excellent, dragon green, landscape, other varieties such as Yuguan, Oriental Lubao, Wanlu, Lvxiu, etc., or select all kinds of high-quality varieties according to market demand. However, it must meet the national second-class seed standard before it can be used.

2. Sowing time: double mulching cultivation in autumn is sown in early July, overwintering cultivation in solar greenhouse is sown from late July to August, early spring cultivation in solar greenhouse is sown from early September to early October, early spring cultivation in plastic greenhouse and small arch greenhouse is sown in November, spring plastic film cultivation is sown in January.

3. Seed treatment

Soak the seeds in ①: soak the seeds in warm water of 33 ℃ for 15 minutes, stir constantly, stop when the water temperature drops to 20 ℃, soak in warm water for another 4 hours, rinse with clean water and then sprout.

② germination: the soaked seeds are wrapped in wet cotton gauze and germinated at a temperature of 30 ℃. Rinse with clean water once a day and sow when 60% of the seeds are white.

4. Raising seedlings in the field

① nursery bed selection: the seedling stage of broccoli is short, and the seedbed is selected in the fields with high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, soil rich in organic matter, no cruciferous vegetables or previous rice within two years, and the direction of the seedbed should be north-south.

② apply sufficient basic fertilizer: turn deeply 15-20 days before sowing, 7-10 days before sowing, apply 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer plus 5 kg of superphosphate per mu or pour 2500 kg of rotten human feces and urine to ensure the full supply of nutrients at seedling stage. Dig and rake the land to make a seeding bed about 1.2m wide, and the ratio of seedling field is 1:20-30.

③ dressing and sowing: before sowing, the seedling bed was watered once, and 1000 times phoxim and other chemicals were applied to prevent underground pests. When sowing, mix the treated seeds with appropriate amount of sand and spread them evenly in the seedbed, suppress them with a shovel after sowing, and then sprinkle a layer of medicinal soil mixed with 0.1% carbendazim and dimethazone.

④ sunshade and heat preservation: after laying a layer of sunshade net in summer nursery bed, set up a small arch shed, then cover a layer of sunshade net, carry out double-layer sunshade, moisturizing and cooling seedlings, and use a layer of plastic film and a layer of greenhouse film in winter and spring to cover and keep warm seedlings.

5. Nutrient solution seedling raising: nutrient solution seedling raising is a better way of raising seedlings at present, which has the characteristics of low cost, convenient management, high seedling rate and centralized seedling supply, so it is welcomed by production and processing enterprises.

① matrix: vermiculite 25%, peat 65%, perlite 10%.

② matrix stack disinfection: after fully mixing all raw materials, use 50-100x formalin (40% formaldehyde), spray evenly on the matrix, then cover tightly with plastic film, after sealing for 4-5 days, uncover the film, ventilate and change the nutrient soil, so that formaldehyde can be volatilized out after 2 weeks, and need to adjust the ph of the matrix to 6.5-7, adjust the acid with lime, and neutralize the alkali with dilute hydrochloric acid.

③ sowing: fill the hole plate with substrate and pour water thoroughly, then dig the seeding hole with a special burrowing machine, sow the seeds into the sowing hole with the seeder and cover the substrate.