The latest course on cultivation techniques and methods of autumn sowing garlic

Garlic, also known as garlic, garlic, garlic and garlic.

Sowing at the right time

The most suitable time for garlic sowing is to make the plant grow to 5-6 leaves before overwintering, when the plant has the strongest cold resistance, will not be frozen to death in the cold winter, and lays a good foundation for the plant to pass through vernalization smoothly. The Yangtze River basin and its southern areas are generally sown in mid-and late September. The cool weather in September in the Yangtze River basin is suitable for the unearthing and growth of garlic seedlings. If sowing too early, the seedlings grow too vigorously before overwintering and consume nutrients, it will reduce the ability of overwintering, may also lead to vernalization, cause secondary growth, and form compound garlic in the second year, reducing the quality of garlic. If sowing too late, the seedlings are small, the tissue is tender, the root system is weak, the accumulation of nutrients is less, the cold resistance is lower, and there are more deaths during overwintering. Therefore, the sowing date of garlic must be strictly controlled.

Reasonable close planting

Close planting is the basis for increasing production. The yield of garlic bolting and garlic head is composed of the number of plants per mu, the number of cloves per plant, bolting weight and clove weight. Should be according to the characteristics of varieties to achieve appropriate close planting, so that there are more plants per mu. The early-maturing varieties generally have shorter plants, fewer leaves, shorter growth period and higher density. It is better to plant about 50,000 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 14,17cm, a plant spacing of 7cm and a seed of 150kg per mu. The middle and late maturing varieties have long growth period, tall plants, more leaves and lower density in order to make the population structure reasonable and make full use of light energy. The density should be controlled in about 40,000 plants per mu, the row spacing is 16-18 cm, the plant spacing is about 10 cm, and the seed per mu is about 150 kg.

Sowing method

"planting onions deeply and planting garlic shallower" is the experience gained by farmers' practice for many years. The suitable depth of garlic sowing is generally 3-4 cm. There are two kinds of garlic sowing methods, one is planting, that is, the seed valve is inserted into the soil, and the seed is covered with soil after sowing. The second is to open a ditch to sow seeds, that is, to open a shallow ditch with a hoe and sow the seed petals on demand in the soil. After opening a trench, the soil opened at the same time is covered on the previous row of petals. After sowing, the thickness of the covered soil is about 2 cm, slightly firm with feet and watered through. To prevent drought, the soil can be covered with two layers of straw or other moisturizing materials. Planting should not be too deep, if it is too deep, the seedling will emerge late, the pseudostem is too long, the root system absorbs too much water and fertilizer, the growth is too prosperous, and the formation of garlic is difficult to expand by soil extrusion. However, the planting should not be too shallow, if it is too shallow, it is easy to "jump the valve" when emerging, the rhizosphere is easy to lack water at the seedling stage, the root system is poor, and it is easy to die from freezing when overwintering.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

Herbicides can be sprayed before sowing and emergence. Pocaojing is effective in the prevention and control of Magnolia mandshurica, Huilai, Polygonum, Setaria and so on. 50% of the herbs are 100g and 150g per mu. The dosage of simazine and atrazine is 120,240 grams per mu. The herbicide is 356S grams per mu. For the garlic field dominated by Monocotyledon Gramineae weeds, 120g / mu of Dahuili was diluted with 30kg of water 5-7 days after sowing (before emergence) and sprayed at night. In the garlic field dominated by dicotyledonous broad-leaved grass, 25% chlorpromazine 120ml 150ml per mu, or 24% fruit 45ml 60ml, water 40kg 60kg was added 7 days after sowing (before emergence) and sprayed at night. During the growing period of garlic seedlings, the weeds were ploughed as soon as the weeds sprouted, and the weeds that were difficult to be ploughed between plants should be removed as soon as possible so as not to compete with garlic seedlings for fertilizer.