The latest planting time of sesame

Sesame is an annual erect herb of the genus Sesame of the family Sesamaceae. It is 60-150 cm high and spreads all over the tropical and temperate regions of the world. It is one of the main oil crops in China and has high planting value. Since ancient times, there have been many colorful foods and delicacies made of sesame and sesame oil in China, which have been famous all over the world. Let's take a look at the planting time of sesame.

Planting and distribution of sesame

Sesame, native to Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, is a temperature-loving plant, which is mainly distributed between 40 °N and 40 °S. China's sesame planting area can reach 45 °N, mainly in the provinces of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hebei and other provinces, of which Henan produces the most, accounting for about 30% of the country. According to statistics, the planting area of sesame is about 790000 hectares and the output is more than 580000 tons.

Sesame planting time

The suitable sowing date for summer sesame is from late May to early June, and the suitable sowing date for autumn sesame is early or middle July. If the heat is good, it can be late for late July. Whether summer sesame or autumn sesame, sowing in the season of high temperature and large evaporation, fine soil preparation, soil and water conservation is the key to the whole seedling.

Sesame sowing mode

There are three kinds of sesame seeds: on-demand sowing, sowing and strip sowing. The seed amount per mu is 400 grams, 350 grams and 250 grams per mu. It can be sown less in fields with high soil fertility, less diseases and insect pests and high water content.

1. Sowing: sowing is a traditional sowing method in Jianghuai region, which is suitable for sowing with soil moisture. When sowing, the seeds are uniformly dispersed, the soil cover is shallow, and the seedlings emerge quickly, but it is not conducive to field management.

2. Strip sowing: strip sowing can control the distance between rows and plants, implement reasonable close planting to facilitate field management such as inter-seedling ploughing, and is suitable for mechanized operation.

3. On demand: 5-7 seeds per hole. No matter what kind of sowing method, shallow sowing, uniform sowing, depth 2-3 cm is appropriate.

Sesame planting technology

1. Sowing the whole border: the width of the furrow is 33 cm, the height of the border is 20 cm, the width of the border is 1 to 1.2 meters, and the width of the border is appropriate and easy to manage. Digging shallow trenches on the border surface, the furrow spacing (also line spacing) is 33 cm. When sowing, because the seeds of sesame seeds are small and the density is difficult to control, they can be mixed well with a small amount of dry fine soil and then sowed.

2. Chemical weeding: in 3 days after sowing, 60% Horniss EC was used for 60 ml per mu, diluted with 50 kg water and evenly sprayed on the border surface, which could reduce the growth of weeds.

3. Suitable time seedlings: after more than ten days, after they grow 2-3 cotyledons, they will grow again in 5-6 days, so that the plant spacing is between 22-24 cm, and 8000-10000 seedlings are planted per mu. Suitable plant spacing is beneficial to its branching.

4. Scientific fertilization: first, it is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer, applying 1500 kg of farm manure per mu. After the growth of 3-4 true leaves, human feces and urine were applied twice. The flowering and capsule-forming period was the most exuberant period for sesame growth, and it was also the peak period for fertilizer demand. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 10 kg per mu, and foliar spraying was carried out with a mixture of 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax, once every 5 days and twice in succession.

5. Topping harvest: after the full fruiting period, when the leaf nodes at the top of the main stem are clustered and almost stop growing, pick the apical bud on a sunny morning. If the sesame fruit is yellow and ripe, the grain can be harvested in black.