The latest course of Cucumber planting techniques and methods in greenhouse

Cucumber, also known as cantaloupe, thorn melon, king melon, cucumber, etc., is an annual trailing or climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae. It was first brought back to the Central Plains by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, and now it is widely planted in temperate zones and tropics. It is widely cultivated in various parts of our country, and many areas are cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses. Let's take a look at cucumber planting techniques in the greenhouse.

Growth habits of Cucumber

1. Temperature: cucumbers like warmth and are not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for fertility is 10-32 ℃. Generally, the growth is the best at 25: 32 ℃ in daytime and 15: 18 ℃ at night, the most suitable ground temperature is 20: 25 ℃, and the lowest is about 15 ℃. The most suitable temperature difference between day and night is 10: 15 ℃. The photosynthesis of cucumber was poor at 35 ℃, high temperature obstacle appeared at 45 ℃, and the cucumber was frozen to death at-20 ℃. If the seedlings were refined at low temperature, they could withstand the low temperature of 3 ℃.

2. Light: the South China type variety is more sensitive to short day sunshine, while the North China type variety is not strict on the length of sunshine, and has become a sunshine neutral plant, with a light saturation point of 55000 lux and a light compensation point of 1500 lux. most varieties grow well under the condition of 8-11 hours of short-day sunshine.

3. Moisture: high yield and high water demand of cucumber. The suitable soil moisture is 60-90%. The moisture in the seedling stage should not be too much, and the soil moisture is 60-70%. In the result period, sufficient water must be supplied, and the soil moisture should be 80-90%. The suitable air relative humidity of cucumber is 60-90%. If the air relative humidity is too high, it is easy to get sick, resulting in a reduction in production.

4. Soil: cucumbers prefer wet but not waterlogging, fertilizer but not fertilizer, so it is appropriate to choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally like the soil between pH5.5~7.2, but the pH value of 6.5 is the best.

Sowing method of Cucumber

1. Variety selection: cucumber cultivation should select excellent varieties with low temperature tolerance in the early stage, high temperature tolerance in the later stage and strong disease resistance, such as Jinyou 10, Bonai 3 and so on.

2. Seed treatment: the cucumber seeds were dried 1-3 days before sowing. After drying, the seeds were scalded with 55 ℃ of warm water for 10-15 minutes, and continuously stirred until the water temperature dropped to 30-35 ℃. The seeds were scrubbed repeatedly, and the slime was washed with clean water, soaked for 3-4 hours, and the soaked seeds were wrapped in a clean wet cloth. Under the condition of 28-32 ℃, the seeds were germinated for 1-2 days, and the seeds were sown when 70% of the seeds were "white".

3. Soil preparation: the nutritious soil of cucumber has not been planted with melons and vegetables in the past 3 to 5 years. The garden soil or field soil is mixed with high-quality mature organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer accounts for 30%. The soil and organic fertilizer are evenly sifted. The screened nutritious soil was mixed with 100 grams of carbendazim per cubic meter of soil to form medicinal soil.

4. timely sowing: the sowing date of cucumber is mid-January or late January, and seedlings can be raised in a heating greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse. A nutrition bowl with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm is filled with nutrient soil 8 cm and watered thoroughly. After water penetration, one germinated seed is sown in each nutrition bowl, and the soil is covered with plastic film to preserve soil moisture.

Seedling Management of Cucumber

1. Ground touch cover: after sowing, cucumber is sealed with plastic film for 2 days. When cotyledons of 2 go 3 are unearthed, the ground is removed in time. Watering the seedling stage as little as possible to prevent the emergence of high-foot seedlings with high temperature and humidity, and timely uncover the grass to increase the light.

2, temperature management: generally, the temperature should be controlled at 25: 30 ℃ during the day, not too high, and the night temperature must be controlled below 15 ℃, preferably 12: 13 ℃, 7: 10 days before planting, seedling refining, greenhouse grass peeling early and late cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, keep 20: 25 ℃ during the day, 8: 10 ℃ at night, and need 5 ℃ exercise for a short time.

3. The standard of strong seedling: the seedling age is about 35 days, the plant height is 1520 cm, 3 leaves and 1 heart, the cotyledons are intact, the internodes are short and thick, the leaves are thick, the root system is developed, and there is no disease.

Planting techniques of Cucumber

1. Soil preparation fertilization: fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, dominated by base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirements, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system was used to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to vegetables and carry out balanced fertilization to ensure the balance of nutrients in the soil. Vegetable fields with medium fertility level generally apply 5000 kg of high-quality mature organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. After spreading the basic fertilizer, turn the soil 30 cm to 40 cm deeply, mix the soil fertilizer evenly and rake flat, and make the border according to 1.2 m wide, with two ridges of 10 cm to 15 cm high, with a ridge distance of 50 cm.

2. Four-film covering: in early spring, the greenhouse adopts "four-film mulch", that is, one layer of greenhouse film, two layers of canopy film and a layer of small arch greenhouse film on seedlings, and buckle the greenhouse film 20 days before planting, in order to increase the ground temperature. 10 cm ground temperature in the greenhouse can be planted steadily through 12 ℃ for 3 consecutive days. Hanging 2 layers of canopy 5-7 days before planting, 20-30 cm apart, it is best to choose polyethylene drip-free mulch film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.

3. Timely planting: spray fungicide on the seedling bed one day before planting, you can choose 50% carbendazim 500x solution, 77% carbendazim 700x solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Planting should be carried out on a sunny morning. The ridge is ditched and watered, and when the water seeps into the semi-ditch, the seedlings are released according to the plant distance of about 32 centimeters, and the soil is sealed after the water seeps. This method is called "water-stable seedlings". About 3500 seedlings are planted per mu, and a small arch shed is buckled on the border after planting.