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Zizania caduciflora (Zizania caduciflora), also known as high melon, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, etc., is a perennial root herb of Gramineae, which was called "Zizania latifolia" in the ancients. It was cultivated as a food crop before the Tang Dynasty, and its seeds were called rice or carved mustache, one of the six grains (millet, sorghum, sorghum, wheat and wild rice). Later, it was found that some Zizania latifolia were not heading because they were infected with smut fungus, and the plants had no symptoms of disease, and the stems continued to expand, gradually forming spindle-shaped fleshy stems, which is now edible Zizania latifolia.

Zizania caduciflora has rhizome, and the aboveground stem can produce 23 tillers, forming tiller clusters, culms erect, stout, adventitious roots at the base, main stem and tiller branches entering reproductive growth, if the base is parasitized by Zizania caduciflora, it can not grow normally, forming oval or nearly round fleshy stems. Leaf blade flattened, long lanceolate, apex awn-acuminate, base slightly contracted or narrowed, generally upper and margin rough, lower smooth, midrib raised abaxially. The leaf sheath is long and thick, embracing each other to form a "pseudostem". Flower and fruit autumn and winter, panicle large, caryopsis cylindrical.

Zizania caduciflora is a temperature-loving plant, which can grow at a suitable temperature of 10-25 ℃ and is not tolerant to cold, high temperature and drought. The double-season Zizania latifolia is planted in the plain area, which requires less sunshine and higher water and fertilizer conditions, and temperature is an important factor affecting the pregnancy of Zizania latifolia. Zizania caduciflora has developed root system and large water demand, which is suitable for clay loam or loam with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation, deep and soft soil, fertile soil, rich in organic matter and strong ability of water and fertilizer conservation.

Zizania caduciflora is native to China and Southeast Asia. At present, only China and Vietnam have cultivated Zizania caduciflora as a vegetable, of which it is the earliest in China and distributed in the north and south of our country. Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and other places. Hemudu Town in Yuyao is the most famous, with an annual output of 50,000 tons. Hemudu Town 10,000 mu pollution-free Zizania caduciflora base has been listed as Ningbo second-class vegetable base, Shanghai vegetable Group Zizania caduciflora supply base, Zhejiang Province high-quality and efficient agricultural demonstration base.

Zizania caduciflora mainly contains protein, fat, sugar, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E, trace carotene and minerals. The organic nitrogen of tender Zizania caduciflora exists in amino acid state, and can provide sulfur, delicious taste and high nutritional value. It is easy to be absorbed by the human body, but because Zizania caduciflora contains more oxalic acid, its calcium is not easily absorbed by the human body. Medical Zizania caduciflora can clear dampness and heat, detoxify and promote milk, in which stigmasterol can remove reactive oxygen species in the body, inhibit tyrosinase activity, prevent melanin formation, soften the stratum corneum on the surface of the skin, and make the skin lubricated and delicate.