The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus is also called Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. it is one of the top ten mushrooms in the international mushroom market. it is also one of the mushrooms recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to developing countries. it has a very broad development prospect. let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Cultivation Prospect of Pleurotus ostreatus

The main results are as follows: 1. The cultivation technique of Pleurotus ostreatus is simple and extensive, can be cultivated with raw material directly, has strong anti-impurity ability, and is easy to be successful.

2. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in raw materials, which can grow on all kinds of straw culture materials (such as rice straw, wheat straw, etc.). It can be used as a main measure to deal with straw in the vast rural areas of China, and the waste after cultivation can be directly returned to the field to improve the soil and increase fertility.

3. Pleurotus ostreatus has strong stress resistance and can adapt to a wide range of temperature. it can produce mushrooms in the range of 4-30 ℃ and can survive the winter naturally in Fujian and Guangdong provinces. Due to the long suitable season, it is beneficial to adjust the listing of other mushrooms or vegetables in the off-season.

4. Pleurotus ostreatus is easy to be accepted by consumers as a new product on the market because of its high yield, low production cost and rich nutrition.

Cultivation conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Temperature: the mycelium growth temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is 5: 34 ℃, the optimum is 25-12 ℃, the mycelium grows slowly below 12 ℃, and the mycelium stops growing when it exceeds 35 ℃ and is prone to aging and death. The temperature of primordium formation and fruiting body development is 4: 30 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 14: 25 ℃. It is difficult to form and grow fruiting bodies below 4 ℃ and more than 30 ℃.

2. Moisture: the moisture content of mycelial growth medium of Pleurotus ostreatus is about 65%, the air humidity of primordium differentiation is 90% 95%, the moisture content of fruiting body growth and development matrix is 70%, and the air humidity of primordium differentiation is 90% 95%.

3. Ventilation: the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus does not require high oxygen, the concentration of carbon dioxide should not exceed 2%, the growth and development of fruiting body requires sufficient oxygen, too high carbon dioxide is easy to form deformed mushrooms, and the mushroom production period should be ventilated for 2-3 hours a day.

4. Light: the mycelium growth stage of Pleurotus ostreatus does not need light, and the fruit body growth requires 100 ~ 500 LX light. Scattering sunlight can promote the fruit body health and improve the quality.

5. Acidity and alkalinity: Pleurotus ostreatus is suitable to grow in weak acid environment, medium and soil PH4~9 hyphae can grow, but PH5~6.5 is suitable. The suitable medium for mycelium growth was PH5.5~6.5, the suitable culture material for fruiting body growth was PH, and the suitable soil covering material PH5.5~6 was 5-6.

Cultivation preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Cultivation materials: Pleurotus ostreatus can use crop straw as raw material, and the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can grow and produce mushrooms normally without any organic fertilizer. If nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium fertilizer is added to the straw, the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is very poor. The effect of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with sawdust, barnyard manure, leaves and hay is not ideal. A large number of materials are needed for large area cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, so it should be collected and stored in advance. Crop straw can be rice straw, wheat straw, barley straw, rye straw, flax straw and so on.

2. Cultivation method: Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated in ground bed, box and bed frame in mushroom house, but it is not suitable for intensive indoor cultivation. Germany, Poland and the United States mainly use sunny beds for extensive bare or protected cultivation outdoors (gardens, orchards). In China, it is mainly cultivated with outdoor raw materials, because it does not need special equipment, easy to make, easy to manage, low cultivation cost and good economic benefits.

3. Cultivation season: in North China, if protected by plastic greenhouses, production can be arranged almost all the year round except for the short severe winter and extreme heat. Winter fallow fields can be used in warmer areas and cultivated in protective sheds. The sowing time should be arranged from mid-late November to early December, so that the peak period of mushroom production is around the Spring Festival, or the sowing time is adjusted according to market demand, so that the peak period of mushroom emergence is in the off-season of vegetables or the season with less mushroom on the market.

4. Cultivation site: outdoor cultivation is the main method to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus. Warm, sheltered and shaded places can provide a microclimate suitable for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, and semi-shaded places are more suitable for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. However, continuous shade (such as the shade under big trees) will seriously hinder the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Land preparation: first of all, drainage ditches should be opened around the cultivation field, mainly to prevent stagnant water after rain. The specific method of land preparation is to first stack part of the surface loam next to it for later covering, and then form the land into a ridge, slightly higher in the middle and lower on both sides, with a height of 10 cm to 15 cm, a width of 90 cm, a length of 150 cm, and a distance of 40 cm between the border and the border. In order not to affect the growth of trees, but not to turn the soil, the mushroom bed was built in the middle of the two trees or slightly close to the side of the border, so as to facilitate the management of the orchard.

2. Site disinfection: disinfection of the site should be carried out before the heap is built after the completion of land preparation. 1% of tea seed cake water can be poured on the border to prevent earthworms and spray dichlorvos on and around the border. If you choose the mountain as a mushroom farm, you must use mirex, termite powder and other ants.

3. Material treatment: the culture materials are used locally according to different regions, which are required to be fresh, dry and non-moldy. You can choose the following formula ① dry pure straw 100%. ② dry pure wheat straw 100%, ③ soybean straw 50%, corn straw 50%, ④ dried rice straw 80%, dry sawdust 20%, ⑤ dried rice straw 40%, grain husk 40%, miscellaneous sawdust 20%.

4. Pre-heap of straw soaking: the straw must absorb enough water before building the pile, introduce the clean water into the ditch or pool, soak the straw directly into the ditch or pool, soak the straw while dipping, the soaking time is generally about 2 days, and the soaking time of different varieties of straw is slightly different. When the daytime temperature is higher than 23 ℃, pre-fermentation should be carried out in order to prevent the fermentation of hay pile and the increase of temperature from affecting the growth of mycelium. ?

5. Composting bacterial bed: the most important thing of composting bacterial bed is to press the straw flat and firm, the thickness of forage is 20 cm, the thickest is not more than 30 cm, and not less than 20 cm. The amount of hay per square meter is 2030 kg and the seed amount is 600kg and 700g. When stacking grass, the grass on the first layer is about 10 cm away from the border, generally 3 layers, each layer about 8 cm thick, the bacteria break into pigeon egg size and sow between the two layers of grass. The depth of the seeding hole is 5cm, using plum blossom on demand, and the distance between the hole is 10cm and 12cm. Increasing the number of holes in sowing can make the mycelium grow faster.

6. Cover mulch: add mulch to the haystack surface after construction and sowing, which can be covered with old sacks, non-woven fabrics, straw curtains, old newspapers and so on. The old sack piece has the best effect because of its strong moisturizing property and easy to operate. It is generally possible to use a single layer, and a large area of cutting and cultivation can also be covered with grass curtains. The mulch on the haystack should always be kept moist to prevent the haystack from drying. Soak the sack slices in clean water, remove and drain the excess water and cover it on the haystack.