Where is the latest origin of black beans?

Black beans are the black seeds of leguminous plant soybeans, also known as soybeans, black beans, horse beans, etc., with black skin, yellow or green inside, common varieties such as green kernel black beans, yellow kernel black beans, Hengchun black beans, etc., sexual warmth, high temperature tolerance, suitable temperature of 18-30 degrees, sowing method reproduction with large and full particles, black and bright color is better, let's take a look at where the black beans are!

Where is the origin of black beans?

Black beans are planted everywhere in China from south to north, and the richness of variety resources is the first in the world. At present, more than 22000 soybean variety resources are preserved in China, of which 2980 are Chinese black beans, accounting for 13.2%. Most of them are distributed in the Yellow River basin and are the main producing areas of small black beans. At present, black adzuki beans are still mainly planted in the loess plateau of Shaanxi and northern Shanxi. In some places, farmers call soybeans black beans, soybeans as white and black beans, and black beans as black beans, which shows the extensive and long-standing cultivation of local black beans.

The producing environment of black bean

Black beans have a strong ability to adapt to the ecological environment, especially to the harsh environment, so black beans can be grown from the northernmost to the southernmost, from east to west, in dry land, hilly land, sloping land, shaded land, saline-alkali and lower wetlands, even in the mountains with an altitude of 1700 meters. Due to the difference of ecological environment in different places, such as the difference of light length and intensity, the length of frost-free period, the difference of air temperature, the difference of soil fertility or barren and water content, the difference of precipitation and so on, many varieties adapted to the environment have been formed.

Cultivation area of black bean

1. Northern soybean area: the northern soybean area includes Xinjiang, Gansu, Qingmei, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, northern Shanxi, northern Hebei and northeastern provinces. The cultivation system is 1 ripe per year, mainly sowing black beans in spring. Although the three northeastern provinces are divided into this area, they mainly produce soybeans with a small area, and the representative varieties are big grain black, Shangzhi black bean, Fengcheng medicine black bean and so on. There are more black beans planted in the north of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, and most of them are small black beans with infinite podding habits, oval and oblate grains.

2. Huaihai soybean area: the Huaihai soybean area includes the south of Hebei Great Wall and the north of Qinling and Huaihe River, and extends from the coast in the east to Minshan Mountain in the west. There are Shandong, Henan, central and southern Hebei, southern Shanxi, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, southern Gansu, and the north of Jiangsu and Anhui. The varieties include Shunyi Black Dou, Jindou 3, Lu Heidou 1, Yudou 4, etc., summer sowing varieties also have Black Peas, and there are some small black beans with infinite podding habits in the north and lower wet saline-alkali land.

3. Southern soybean area: the southern soybean area includes the areas south of Qinling and Huaihe River, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Zhejiang and Fujian in the southeast, as well as Guangdong and Guangxi. Representative varieties are black green beans, Taichun No. 1, autumn black beans, Shaxian black beans, black soybeans and so on. The popularized varieties are Qiudou l, Zhongyou 19, Zhechun 2 and so on. Spring sowing varieties are intercropped in dry land and corn, or interplanted in wheat rows, such as Taixing black bean, black bean, Jinjiang Youwu black bean and so on.

4. Southwest soybean area: southwest soybean area includes some areas of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi. These areas have high topography, above 1000 meters above sea level, and belong to the subtropical climate, which varies greatly due to the difference in altitude. In this area, black beans are mainly sown in spring, and there are also some sowing in summer and autumn. Representative varieties are black soybeans, black beans, small black beans, Liujiang black beans, etc., generally short plants, mostly limited podding habits.

5. South China soybean area: South China soybean area mainly includes the southern areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other provinces such as Taiwan and Hainan. Black beans can be planted in four seasons. Winter black beans were sown from late December to early January of the following year, and matured from mid-April to early May. Spring black beans are sown from late February to early March and mature in the first and middle of June. Summer black beans are sown from late May to early June and mature from late August to early September. Autumn black beans are sown from late July to late August and mature from late October to late December.