The latest course of high-yield planting techniques of amaranth

Amaranth originated in China, India and Southeast Asia. China has been eaten as a wild vegetable since ancient times. There are some high-quality and nutritious amaranth varieties in the south of China. Because of their strong resistance, easy growth, drought, moisture and high temperature resistance, coupled with the rare occurrence of diseases and insect pests, they are gradually recognized and developed at home and abroad. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting techniques of amaranth.

Variety selection

The cultivation of amaranth should adopt different varieties according to the habits and consumption habits of varieties in different seasons, red amaranth and flower red varieties with strong cold resistance in winter and early spring, and red amaranth and all-green amaranth with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests in other seasons. It is generally appropriate to select early-maturing and cold-tolerant varieties such as pointed-leaf red rice amaranth and pointed-leaf red amaranth from late February to late March, and red amaranth, Dahongpao, white rice amaranth and willow leaf amaranth from early April to late May. Heat-resistant varieties such as white rice amaranth, willow amaranth and red amaranth should be selected for cultivation in summer and autumn from early June to early August.

Cultivation time

Amaranth can be cultivated in frost-free period from spring to autumn, and can be sown in open field from late March to early August, while mulching cultivation in greenhouse and small arch shed can sow 20-30 days earlier, that is, sowing begins in late February and can be put on the market about 30 days earlier. Except for cultivation in early spring, it can be listed about 35 days after sowing.

Sowing technology

1. Seed soaking and sprouting: amaranth seeds are soaked in cold water for 24 hours and need to be scrubbed several times in the process of seed soaking to facilitate water absorption. Remove the soaked seeds in winter and early spring, scrub them with clean water, remove and drain water, wrap them with gauze with good permeability, cover them with wet towels, accelerate germination under the condition of 15-20 ℃, and sow when 30-50% of the seeds are white. It is cultivated by direct sowing in other seasons.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: amaranth cultivation should choose plots with few weeds. Although amaranth does not have strict requirements for soil, it is better to have loose, fertile and good soil for fertilizer and water conservation, and amaranth likes alkaline soil. 5000 kg of mature organic fertilizer and 50 kg of 25% compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and intensive cultivation is made into a high border with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters, a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.15 meters.

3. Sowing method: the seed of amaranth is small, sowing mixed with some fine sand or fine soil can make the sowing uniform, the amount of seed per mu is 0.25kg to 0.5kg. Can be flat bed sowing or strip sowing, sowing can use four-toothed rake shallow hug or not, strip seeder can be a little deeper in spring, summer should be shallow, shallow cover soil, and then suppress, can be watered, waiting for seedlings. In winter and early spring, cover with a thin layer of straw to moisturize, and then cover with a layer of plastic film to keep warm. Add sunscreen in summer.

Field management

1. Temperature management: amaranth uncovers the plastic film and mulch after emergence in winter and early spring, builds a small arch shed in the greenhouse after watering, to facilitate heat preservation, and adds a layer of grass curtain to keep warm in the evening when the outside temperature is low. After the emergence of seedlings in summer, add sunscreen in time, cover early and uncover late.

2. Water management: amaranth should always keep the soil moist in winter and early spring, water frequently in small water, try to water in the sunny morning, and apply 0.2% urea solution once after finishing the seedlings, and apply it once in the next 7-10 days to promote growth. Appropriately increase the amount of water in summer, usually in the morning and evening.

3. Reasonable topdressing: amaranth should be topdressing for many times, usually the first time when the seedlings have 2 true leaves, the second time after 10-12 days, and once after each harvest. The main type of fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, which can apply 15002000 kg of thin human feces and urine and 5kg of urea per mu each time.

Pest control

1. Amaranth white rust: the main disease of amaranth is white rust, which can be prevented by spraying 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times or 77% trichlorothalonil 1500 times liquid leaves at the seedling stage, combined with manual leaf picking for chemical control at the initial stage of the disease, but do not spray immediately on the day after each harvest, so as not to affect the quality of the goods.

2. Stem-based rot: crop rotation should be carried out. After harvest, the garden should be cleared carefully, the disease residue should be collected and burned, then ploughing and drying the soil, and soil disinfection should be carried out before sowing (sprinkling poisonous soil or spraying liquid). It was found that the diseased plant was removed immediately, and the agent could be treated with 1000 times of triadimefon carbendazim wet powder.

3. Root-knot nematode disease: the diseased body should be removed in time after harvest in the seriously diseased area, and it can also be rotated with lily vegetables or rotation of flood and drought. When sowing or planting, ditch or hole application of 10% miku granules, 75 kg per hectare. During the growth period, the roots can also be irrigated with 200-fold solution of methyl isosinophos emulsion for 1 or 2 times.