Eight connotations and five driving points of the Development of Family Farm

Family farm is another new type of agricultural management subject after large farmers, farmers' cooperative economic organizations and agricultural leading enterprises. The development of family farms is the engine to further deepen the reform of rural systems and mechanisms. What is family farm and how to develop family farm is a hot topic at present.

After extensive investigation, we believe that family farms are rural households based on their own contracted management of land and other resources, expanded by the stable circulation of land and other resources in accordance with the law, through the implementation of intensive management, the use of modern management means, appropriate scale operation is adopted to develop agricultural production, and the level of production specialization, standardization and commercialization is high. The main body of production and management whose economic, ecological and social benefits are obviously higher than the average level of local agricultural production. Its connotation standard should include eight aspects:

① takes the rural family as the basic unit. Family farmers should be registered in rural areas, that is, local rural families. Under the condition of respecting the willingness of farmers, the meaning of family can be extended to grandparents, children and grandchildren and even other relatives. Urban personnel and industrial and commercial capital can enter the field of agriculture, obtain land management rights through circulation, and carry out business activities, but it is not suitable to be included in the category of family farms at present.

② is based on the primary industry. On the basis of the development of the primary industry, the integrated operation of production, addition and marketing can be developed. However, leisure tourism is mainly the tertiary industry, and the farms with primary industry should not be included in the category of family farms.

③ moderate scale operation. The operation scale of the family farm is not the bigger the better. It should be based on the scientific utilization efficiency of resources, the maximization of labor productivity and land utilization as the standard, and the appropriate scale should be delimited scientifically according to local conditions.

④ intensive operation mode. As a new representative of productivity, family farm lies not only in the intensive cultivation of the primary industry, but also in the implementation of factor reorganization and optimization and agricultural industrialization management. through the improvement of the quality of management factors, the increase of factor content, the concentration of factor input and the adjustment of factor combination to improve the efficiency of intensive management, the implementation of production-plus-marketing integration, the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In order to achieve the goal of maximizing agricultural benefits.

⑤ stable operating period. The unstable management malpractice of large farmers should be overcome and a stable production and management relationship should be established. For example, the land leased by family farms growing rice and vegetables can be considered for at least 10 years, fruit seedlings for at least 20 years, mountain forests for 50 years, and aquaculture for more than 20 years.

⑥ family farm owners are professional. In order to carry out mechanization, specialization, standardization and commercial production, it is necessary for farm owners to have higher academic qualifications and professional and technical levels. The educational background and professional and technical ability of family farmers should be required, and they should have graduated from high school or above and be trained by professional and technical departments to obtain relevant professional and technical certification.

⑦ resource warrants are legal and valid. The land, water surface and mountain forests leased or transferred by the family farm must go through legal procedures and sign effective contracts with the nature of legal protection.

The benefit of ⑧ is higher than the average level of local agricultural production. Taking the protection of environmental resources and the pursuit of higher ecological benefits as the premise, realizing the maximization of economic and social benefits as the goal, serving the society, solving employment and maintaining the stable development of rural economy and society as the direction, ensure that the three benefits of family farms are much higher than the local average. In particular, extensive and predatory operations for the purpose of enclosing land should be prohibited, so as to prevent the occurrence of acts that damage the agricultural resources and environment.

To develop family farms, we must adhere to the principles of overall planning and classified guidance, and promote the orderly development of family farms. Efforts should be made in five aspects:

First, it should be upgraded gradually on the basis of large households. The family farm can be said to be an "upgraded version" of professional tycoons. The principal status of ① has been upgraded. After a large professional family is registered as a family farm through industrial and commercial registration, the production and operation can bear legal responsibility independently. With the continuous improvement of relevant policies, we can also get a series of preferential support policies in loans and other aspects. The operation stability of ② is upgraded. In terms of land transfer period and scale, family farms are more stable than a large number of large households with a contract period of 3-5 years and the number of years changing at any time. The development and upgrading of ③ industry. Due to the long time limit for the operation of family farms, farmers can overcome the psychology and behavior of short-term development, formulate longer-term development plans, increase investment, and gradually extend the development of secondary and tertiary industries such as the processing and marketing of agricultural products. implement the integration of production, addition and marketing to improve the level of industrial development. The benefit of ④ is upgraded. Family farms carry out intensive management and comprehensive industrial development, regardless of economic, ecological or social benefits should be higher than the general farmers.

The second is to take the specialty as the basis and integrate step by step. Family farm can be divided into professional category and comprehensive category, professional category is divided into planting type family farm, breeding category; comprehensive category is divided into planting and breeding combination category and agriculture and animal husbandry combination category. The development of family farm is a gradual process, affected by capital, technology, land circulation, the quality of owners and other aspects, to guide them to gain a foothold on their own, on the basis of existing planting or breeding.

Third, it will gradually grow on the basis of small and medium-sized enterprises. Countries with relatively developed modern agriculture in the world all pay attention to the development of small and medium-sized family farms. Small and medium-sized family farms in the United States account for more than 87 percent of the total number of family farms in the country; small and medium-sized family farms in Canada account for more than 90 percent, and large farms with more than 500 hectares account for only 10 percent of the total. Our country has little land and a large population, and the land is owned by collectives. considering the national conditions and various factors, the development of family farms should focus on supporting the development of small and medium-sized farms and guide them to grow step by step. According to the analysis of the current situation of large grain growers in Hunan, 50-500 mu of small and medium-sized grain growers account for more than 95%, which should be the basis for the development of family farms.

The fourth is to expand gradually on the basis of the family. Family farms can not only exist independently, but also become an integral part of other economic entities, such as becoming members of farmers' cooperatives, shares in the establishment of agricultural enterprises, and so on. Compared with the role of family farms and farmers' cooperatives and agricultural leading enterprises in promoting the scale and modernization of agricultural production, there is still a gap. While steadily developing family farms, we should actively guide family farms to set up farmers' cooperatives and invest in leading agricultural enterprises, so as to gradually form a new type of agricultural management consortium at a higher level.

Fifth, take the policy as the guidance and standardize gradually. The government should formulate policies and measures to guide the orderly development of family farms, such as financial subsidies, tax relief, production insurance, financial support and so on. At the same time, we should formulate relevant systems for registration and standardizing management.