The latest course of High-yield planting techniques of Coprinus comatus

Coprinus comatus scientific name Coprinus comatus, because of its shape like chicken legs, meat like chicken silk named, delicious taste, excellent taste, rich nutrition, in the 1970s western countries have begun artificial cultivation, China in the 1980s artificial cultivation success, because of its short growth cycle, high biotransformation rate, easy to cultivate, especially suitable for rural cultivation in China, let's take a look at Coprinus comatus planting technology bar!

culture season

Coprinus comatus is a kind of mushroom with strong adaptability, belonging to the mesophilic mushroom of constant temperature and fruiting. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth is 23~28℃, and the suitable temperature for fruiting body formation is 15~18℃. Spring and autumn can be cultivated, autumn cultivation is generally from June to August to cultivate seeds, late September to December to early December fruiting, spring cultivation is generally from November to February to cultivate seeds, cultivated seeds need to be properly heated bacteria, April to June fruiting.

raw material formula

1. Formula 1: corncob 85%, bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, material water ratio 1: 1.5.

2. Formula 2: cottonseed hull 40%, sawdust 45%, bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, material water ratio 1: 1.5.

3. Formula 3: corncob 70%, manure 15%, bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum powder 0.5%, urea 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, lime 3%, material water ratio 1: 1.5.

heap fermentation

1. Place: The best place to build a pile is the cement floor close to the mushroom house, which requires wind and sun, clean water and good drainage. Before building the pile, thoroughly disinfect the site and tools, and then expose the raw materials to sunlight for 24 hours. When building a pile, first mix the main materials and auxiliary materials evenly, add enough water (the water content of the culture medium is 65%~70%) and chemicals, and achieve "three uniformity", that is, the main materials and auxiliary materials are evenly mixed, dry and wet evenly, and the chemicals are evenly mixed in the material, and two indexes are achieved, namely, the water content is 65~70%, and the pH value is 10.

2, build a pile: build a pile into a wide 1.0~1.5 meters, high 1.0~1.2 meters, unlimited length of the pile, the pile around as steeper as possible, high temperature season pile to reduce the point, low temperature season can be increased. After the pile is built, a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm is used to insert a vent hole on the pile, and a hole is inserted every 33 cm (about 1 foot). The shape between the holes is "pin" to facilitate ventilation and fermentation. After the pile is built, the surface of the material is sprayed with high-efficiency and low-toxicity bactericidal pesticides, and then covered with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention. Pay attention to properly supporting the plastic film.

3, turning pile: when the temperature reaches 65~70℃ at 33 cm from the surface of the material, maintain it for 24 hours, and then turn the pile. When turning the pile, the material must be loosened to increase the oxygen content in the material. At the same time, the material in the center of the pile must be turned out, and the surrounding materials must be turned into the center, so that the culture material can be fermented evenly. The whole fermentation process takes 6~8 days, 1~2 days in high temperature season, 1 ~3 days in low temperature season, and 3 times in general.

cultivation method

1. Ridge building: Coprinus comatus is built according to the trend of mushroom shed, with an interval of 0.5 meters. Mushroom beds with a width of 80~100 cm and a depth of 15~20 cm are dug in the greenhouse, and the length is unlimited. Pour bottom water thoroughly, sprinkle 150 grams of lime powder per square meter of ridge surface.

2, sowing: seeding can be used layer seeding method, generally 3 layers of material 3 layers of seed, material thickness of 15~20 cm, seeding rate of 15~20%. First, a layer of culture material with a thickness of 5 cm is laid on the mushroom bed, and then a layer of seed is sprinkled, so that a total of 3 layers of material are laid and 3 layers of seed are sprinkled. After sowing, sterile plastic film and newspaper are covered for germ management.

3, hair bacteria: through the plastic film inserted 1 thermometer in the material about 10 cm deep, to observe the material temperature changes, from the fourth day of inoculation, tilt the film once a day to make it ventilated, pay attention to 10 cm material temperature should not exceed 25℃, preferably kept below 25℃. When the material temperature is high, it can strengthen the ventilation at night in the shed and the ventilation under the film, and it can also open the newspaper and spray water to cool down. After 20 days or so, the mycelium of Coprinus comatus can be covered with layers.

soil cover management

1. Material: The organic matter content of the soil at the surface tillage layer of 20 cm is relatively high and has the advantages of moderate viscosity, good permeability and good physical properties, so it can be used as a covering material. The treatment procedure is that after taking the soil, the edge is broken in the sun, after passing through a 1 cm hole sieve, 5% lime aqueous solution is sprayed, and the soil is mixed and sprayed, and the pile is built after continuous spraying twice, and the film is covered and the pile is closed for use. After one week, the bed can be covered with soil.

2. Time: Coprinus comatus mycelium can be covered with soil after a few days of post-ripening period. Because Coprinus comatus mycelium has strong anti-aging ability and can be stored for a long time, it can be determined according to cultivation and market demand.

3. Method: When there are many hyphae on the material surface and they grow upright, remove the film, newspaper and other coverings, increase the ventilation of the mushroom shed, make the hyphae lodge, and cover the material surface evenly after about 2 days. Usually cover a layer of 0.5 cm diameter soil particles 2 cm thick, to be soil layer after there are hyphae and then cover fine soil 2 cm thick.

4. Management: Keep the soil moist after covering the soil. The light in the shed is dark and the air is fresh. The temperature is 22~26℃ and the air humidity is about 80%. Under this condition, hyphae grow into the soil layer. After about 20 days, when a large number of hyphae grow laterally on the surface of the covering layer, the humidity in the greenhouse can be increased to 85~90%, and the ventilation can be increased. The temperature of the mushroom shed can be maintained at 15~30℃. A dense layer of young buds will appear in about one week. At this time, it will formally enter the fruiting period management.

fruiting management

1, young bud: Coprinus comatus young bud stage is the most stringent stage of the growth environment requirements, the most suitable conditions are temperature of about 20℃, humidity of about 90%, moderate ventilation, keep the air fresh, light 100~300 lux.

2, young mushroom: Coprinus comatus young mushroom stage can be appropriately relaxed conditions than the young bud stage, maintain the temperature of 15~20℃, humidity 85%~95%, light below 300 lux, ventilation can be appropriately strengthened, but there can be no strong wind blowing into the shed.

3. Mushroom: With the continuous development and growth of the fruiting body, the requirements for growth conditions are gradually extensive. At this time, the temperature of the shed is maintained at about 15℃, the air humidity is 85~95%, the light is 100~300 lux, and the light is too strong to make the fruiting body produce prematurely and roll the scales, and the color of the mushroom body is deepened. Ventilation should be strengthened with the development of mushroom body, but there should also be no strong wind blowing into the shed.

4. Harvesting: When the mushroom body is fruited, the fungus cover has a few scales and tightly wraps the stalk, and the fungus ring has just begun to loosen. It should be harvested when it is about seven minutes mature. If not harvested in time, the fruiting body will autolysis and blacken. Do not spray water within 4 hours before harvest, so as not to discolor the mushroom body. Harvest when holding the lower part of the stalk, gently rotating pull up.

5. Processing: Fresh mushrooms after harvest should be put into plastic or wooden containers, and the soil and sundries of mushroom feet should be cleaned up as primary products, and then classified according to the destination of the goods, and then fresh sold or processed after finishing. After picking mushrooms, clean up the impurities on the material surface, level the holes at the mushroom picking place, spray 2% lime water, then cover the film, cultivate the bacteria for 5~7 days, and then carry out mushroom production management according to the conventional method. Generally, 3~4 tide mushrooms can be collected.