Multi-measures and high-quality grain production is full of vitality.

Under the pattern of bumper harvests in domestic grain production and cheap grain in the international market pouring into the domestic market, China's grain market seems to have entered a continuous "cold winter" period. Strong rice and weak wheat are becoming more and more obvious, few grain processing enterprises can start work normally, dealers are increasingly losing interest in domestic grain, and the "policy" grain purchased and stored in the national treasury is getting higher and higher. the unnecessary losses borne by finance are increasing. China's grain production and market seem to have entered a "dead end".

Throughout China's grain production and market, there is no lack of brilliance in the suffocating situation.

In the case of unmarketable ordinary wheat, the supply of high-quality wheat exceeds demand; ordinary hybrid rice does not improve, but high-quality rice rises.

To change the passive situation of grain production and market in China, it is necessary for the state and grain enterprises to take more measures at the same time.

Adhere to high quality and high price to adjust grain purchase policy

Under the condition of market economy, the prying effect of price lever on agricultural products is extremely obvious. As one of the important agricultural products, grain is no exception. China's policy grain purchase prices, such as minimum purchase price of grain, grain reserves at all levels, temporary storage of grain, and so on, wheat and rice have been implementing the same variety and the same price since 2012. At present, the policy purchase price of wheat in China is the same regardless of white wheat, red wheat and mixed wheat; the policy purchase price of rice is divided into early rice, middle and late rice and japonica rice, with the same variety at the same price.

The difference in output between high-quality grain production and ordinary grain production determines that the same variety and price can not arouse farmers' enthusiasm to grow high-quality grain.

Under the current scientific and technological conditions, what we usually call the yield of ordinary grain is higher than that of high-quality grain. For example, in Huangmei County, Tianmen City, and Xiantao City, which are the main producing areas of high-quality rice in Hubei Province, the yield of ordinary hybrid rice is about 30% higher than that of high-quality rice Huanghualian. If the lowest purchase price of mid-late indica rice in 2015 is 1.38 yuan per jin, the income per mu of ordinary hybrid rice is more than 500 yuan more than that of high-quality rice Huanghualian.

In the case of paying the same labor, or even more labor input, farmers who grow high-quality rice do not have a high income as ordinary hybrid rice farmers, and farmers naturally will not choose to grow high-quality grain.

Today, farmers who have a high degree of autonomy in growing crops are very sensitive to the market prices of agricultural products. If the price of agricultural products is good, plant them; if the prices of agricultural products are weak, you will not hesitate to adjust the planting structure and plant crops with good prices.

To arouse farmers' enthusiasm for planting high-quality grain, it is necessary to adapt to the laws of market economy, guide farmers with price levers, and adjust grain purchase policies. Whether it is wheat or rice, quality should be distinguished. To achieve high quality, high price, low quality and low price, so that farmers who grow high-quality grain can get real benefits.

After the adjustment of the policy on the purchase of policy grain, the auction price shall be raised accordingly at the time of auction. Because it can sell well, grain processing enterprises are also happy to bid. In this way, farmers, enterprises, the state and consumers are all in the right place and everyone is happy.

Persist in changing the method of rotation of grain reserves in accordance with local conditions

Different grain quality has different storage life. Generally speaking, the storage life of high-quality grain is shorter than that of ordinary grain. Rice, in particular, is especially obvious.

In China's grain management system, grain reserves at all levels account for a large proportion. The rotation cycle of grain reserves directly determines the quality of grain.

According to the current policy, the rotation period for storing rice and wheat is usually three or four years. According to this period, the quality of high-quality grain, such as high-quality rice varieties, will decline and cannot be sold at a good price.

To maintain the quality of high-quality grain, it is necessary to adjust the storage period of grain reserves. For high-quality rice, shorten the storage period, timely rotation, to maximize the utilization rate of high-quality grain.

Adhere to the source to serve the production of high-quality grain

Under the open grain market, it is far from enough to rely on national policies to develop high-quality grain production. As the main body of the market, grain enterprises should actively participate and play an important role in it.

Vigorously develop high-quality grain producers' cooperatives

Practice has proved that high-quality grain production is large-scale production in a certain sense. The decentralized production of one household will not become the general climate after all.

In view of the characteristics of the new era in China's rural areas, providing socialized services for farmers is an important way to develop high-quality grain production.

In the social service system, grain producers' cooperatives are an important carrier to serve high-quality grain production.

In Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, the Shuangfeng Harvest Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative trusts and semi-trusteeship 85000 mu of arable land for farmers in Hubei and Henan provinces. Unified seed supply, unified seedling raising, unified fertilization, unified transplanting of rice seedlings, mechanized operation in the links of raising and transplanting rice seedlings, agreed service fee, and then collected from farmers after unified purchase of grain. The cooperative has set up four working teams, including machine ploughing teams, machine cutting teams, plant protection teams and machine collection teams, and three centers, including agricultural technology extension center, agricultural machinery service center and agricultural machinery maintenance center. there are two factories, such as a brown rice processing factory and a feed processing plant, and a special class for the purchase of agricultural products.

The operation mode of "enterprise + cooperative + peasant household" implemented by cooperatives has achieved the effect of increasing farmers' income, increasing agricultural efficiency, making profits for enterprises and benefiting society. Due to the lack of funds for acquisition, 80% of the purchase volume is to set an approximate price that is not lower than the highest price in the market at all times, and then settle with farmers after processing and transformation. the value-added part after processing and transformation is shared by enterprises and farmers at 6:4, 60% for enterprises and 40% for farmers. In this way, the vast majority of agricultural products can be added after processing, and farmers can get an appreciation of about 5% higher than the price at the time of settlement. Over the past three years in a row, the Shuangfeng Harvest Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative has purchased tens of millions of yuan every year, but it has only 240000 yuan in bank loans. Cooperatives use common interests to unite the hearts and minds of the people and show the strength of cooperation. Through these efforts, the profits of enterprises, the increase of farmers' income and the benefits of society have been achieved.

Through a wide range of social channels, grain production cooperatives provide timely production information to farmers so that they can grow marketable and high-quality grain varieties; provide sowing, field management and harvest services for farmers through agricultural machinery services; provide full-process services for farmers who lack labor, so that they can get rich fruits of labor.