How to identify the latest wild mushrooms?

There are about 400 species of wild mushrooms in China, of which more than 300 are edible, and about 100 are poisonous, of which 12 are highly poisonous. nowadays, there are a lot of wild mushrooms sold in the vegetable market, which are loved by consumers because of their delicious taste. But tragedies caused by accidental consumption of wild mushrooms occur every year. Let's take a look at how to identify wild mushrooms.

Identification rumors of wild mushrooms

1. Look at the shape: the non-toxic bacterial cover is flat, the umbrella surface is smooth, there is no wheel on the bacterial surface, and there is no fungal receptacle in the lower part. The center of the poisonous cap is convex, the shape is strange, the surface of the fungus is thick and hard, there is a fungal wheel on the rod, and the fungal strut is slender or thick, which is easy to break.

2. Look at the secretions: tear off the strains of the picked fresh wild mushrooms, the non-toxic secretions are as clear as water, and the bacteria surface will not change color. The poisonous mushroom secretion is thick and reddish brown, and it is easy to change color in the air after being torn off.

3, boil try: when boil wild mushroom, put a few rushes or a little garlic or rice to boil together, rushes turn turquoise or purplish green is poisonous, turn yellow is non-toxic. The discoloration of garlic or rice is poisonous, but it is non-toxic if it remains true without discoloration.

4. Look at the growth zone: edible non-toxic mushrooms grow mostly on clean grass or pine and oak trees, while poisonous mushrooms often grow in dark, damp and dirty areas.

5, look at the color: poisonous mushroom noodles are bright in color, such as red, green, black, cyan and purple, especially purple ones are often highly toxic and are easy to change color after picking.

6. Onion test: when picking wild mushrooms, you can wipe onions on the mushroom lid. If onions become bluish brown, they are proved to be toxic, otherwise they are non-toxic.

7. Smell: non-toxic mushrooms have special fragrance. Poisonous mushrooms have strange smells, such as spicy, sour, fishy and so on.

Note: please remember that it takes taxonomic expertise to tell whether wild mushrooms are edible. Folklore is totally unreliable. If you can't be 100% sure that a wild mushroom is edible based on the experience of yourself or someone you trust in the absence of professionals, experience here means that you have eaten and can judge by appearance, then the only correct way is never to eat.

Poisoning symptoms of wild mushrooms

1. Hemolytic type: hemolytic anemia occurs within 1-2 days. the symptoms are sudden chills, fever, abdominal pain, low back and limb pain, pale complexion, nausea, vomiting, weakness, restlessness and shortness of breath. This kind of poisoning symptoms are mainly caused by deer flower fungus.

2. Gastrointestinal intoxication: there are more than 80 known types. The common symptoms of poisoning are intense nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and so on. Poisonous mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus, boletus and Coral pink can cause this type of poisoning.

3. Photoallergic dermatitis: China has found that this kind of symptom is caused by leafy ear disk fungus, which is characterized by extremely itchy skin, especially itchy when the light or wind blows through the skin, and may cause pathological changes of the symptoms by scratching, resulting in more serious consequences and difficult to treat.

4. Neuropsychiatric type: it is known that there are more than 60 kinds of neurological symptoms such as mental excitement, insanity or mental inhibition, such as Amanita, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ovale can cause hallucination after poisoning.

5. Liver damage type: there are more than 20 species related to this kind of poisoning, except for the species containing toxic peptides and umbrella peptides mentioned above, such as some species of Pleurotus ostreatus.

6. Respiratory and circulatory exhaustion type: the main cause of this type of poisonous mushroom is Pleurotus ostreatus, with high mortality.

What are the wild poisonous mushrooms?

1. Lethal white poison umbrella: the appearance of deadly white poison umbrella is similar to that of some traditional edible mushrooms, which is easy to cause accidental eating. Its toxins are mainly toxic umbrella peptides and toxic peptides, which are very high in fresh poisonous mushrooms. About 50 grams of toxins contained in Pleurotus ostreatus are enough to kill an adult. Parasitoxin causes extremely serious harm to human liver, kidney, central nervous system and other important organs, with a mortality rate of more than 90%, which is the main culprit of poisonous mushroom deaths in Guangzhou over the years.

2. Lead-green pleated mushroom: lead-green pleated mushroom is not only one of the common highly poisonous mushrooms, but also one of the culprits of poisonous mushroom incidents. it grows in groups or scattered in summer and autumn, and likes to grow on lawns and banana woodlands after rain. The toxicity is weaker than that of lethal white poison umbrella, which mainly causes gastrointestinal symptoms, but it may also contain a small amount of toxin similar to white poison umbrella, causing damage to liver and other organs and nervous system, and may also be fatal due to accidental ingestion. There are many similar species, especially when confused with the edible tall Pleurotus ostreatus, which is highly deceptive.

3. Deer flower fungus: Deer flower fungus is one of the common poisonous mushrooms in China, the fruiting body is small to medium-large, inconspicuous saddle-shaped, slightly flat, slightly wrinkled, yellowish brown. The stalk is cylindrical, lighter than the lid, hollow. Distributed in China's Jilin, Xizang and other areas, in the coniferous forest near rotten wood solitary or group. The toxicity varies from person to person and is not edible. Once eaten by mistake, vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, enema and other methods should be used as soon as possible to eliminate toxins quickly.

4. Poison fly umbrellas: poison fly umbrellas, also known as poison flies, Amanita, Oviductus Ranae, etc., grow in groups in the forest in summer and autumn, and get their name because they can poison flies. Its poisonous muscarine, poisonous fly mother, Kiskasone and leopard umbellin developed within 6 hours after accidental ingestion, resulting in severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and insanity, sweating, chills, muscle convulsions, slow pulse, dyspnea or closed teeth, dizziness, confusion and other symptoms. Atropine has a good effect.

5. Dog urine moss: dog urine moss is also called semi-ovate Pleurotus ostreatus, hallucinogenic mushroom, smoky gray to brown, eggshell color or slightly darker at the top, no gastrointestinal reaction after poisoning and rapid onset of disease. it is mainly manifested as mental abnormality, dancing, singing, wild laughter, hallucination, some drowsiness or difficulty in speech, toxins for light-covered umbrella, and so on. Due to the poisoning caused by dancing, laughter, so the masses called dance bacteria or laughter bacteria. Grow on the feces, also known as fecal bacteria, commonly known as "dog urine moss" in the north.