The latest course of planting techniques and methods of towel gourd in greenhouse

Towel gourd is an annual climbing vine of luffa of Cucurbitaceae. It is widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions of the world. It is widely cultivated in the south and north of China. The fruit is one of the common vegetables. When ripe, the reticular fiber can be used instead of sponge to wash cooking utensils and furniture. For medicinal purposes, it has the effects of cool, diuresis, promoting blood circulation, menstruation and detoxification. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of towel gourd in the greenhouse.

Seedling raising methods of towel gourd

1. Variety selection: greenhouse towel gourd should choose varieties that are resistant to low temperature and low light, like fertilizer and water, high quality, early maturity, high yield, good commercial properties and suitable for the market, such as Jiangshu No. 1, Jiang vegetable towel gourd, Taizhou towel gourd and so on.

2. Seed soaking and disinfection: towel gourd seeds can be soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes before soaking for 2-3 days, then soaked in warm water of 60-70 ℃ for 10-15 minutes, stirring continuously, and continue soaking seeds for 4-6 hours when the water temperature drops to 30 ℃.

3. The method of accelerating germination: after soaking and disinfecting towel gourd seeds, they were removed and placed under the condition of 28030 ℃. Rinse them with clean water twice a day, including a clean sand cloth for wrapping seeds. The seeds could be sown after about 3 to 4 days of exposure.

4. Sowing method: the survival rate of towel gourd transplanting is low, generally using direct seeding method, sowing 2-3 seeds per hole, the depth is 1-2 cm, the seeds are laid flat, and the soil field capacity is 75%. If it is too dry, it can be watered a little, and the hay is covered after sowing to keep warm and wet.

5. Seedling management: towel gourd can grow in 4-6 days, and the seedlings should be properly cooled after they are unearthed. If there is not enough water in the seedling stage, water should be properly watered or sprayed, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, they can be planted.

Planting methods of towel gourd

1. Land selection and land preparation: the towel gourd production land should choose sandy soil with deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, neutral and slightly acidic pH value, and not barren soil. Generally, 50kg lime per mu is applied to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil during soil preparation.

2. Timely planting: towel gourd should be planted in sunny days, and sufficient basic fertilizer should be applied before planting. Generally, 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure, 80 to 120 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of urea should be used per mu, then ploughed 20 cm deep, raked flat and built beds, planting about 2800 seedlings per mu.

3. Temperature control: keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 30: 33 ℃ within 2 weeks after planting was beneficial to slow down the seedling, and then lowering the temperature in the greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 25: 30 ℃ in the daytime, opening the vents to prevent the wind and cool down when it was over 32 ℃, and keeping it at 20: 25 ℃ at night.

4. Melon shed: towel gourd must be planted in a shed, which can be made of bamboo or cement poles. The shed is about 2 meters high, and the roof is square with small nylon ropes, which can withstand the weight of fresh melons and strong winds and torrential rains.

5. Fertilizer and water management: towel gourd needs a large amount of fertilizer. The first heavy fertilizer was applied in the combination of vine extraction and soil cultivation, and the second heavy fertilizer was applied in the peak period. as a result, the second heavy fertilizer was applied 3 times and 4 times in the later stage, and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer or 20 kg of cake fertilizer per mu.

6. plant adjustment: in the peak growth period of towel gourd, the plant is closed and the field is closed. Lateral vines, tendrils, male flowers, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time, and the position of the main vine should be adjusted according to the "S" shape, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, concentrate nutrients and increase yield.

7. Artificial pollination: towel gourd generally chooses 7RV 00mm 9RU 00 to carry out artificial pollination, using a brush to dip pollen onto the stigma of female flowers, and after flowering, use a concentration of 20mm 30mg / L 2prime4 color D at the top of the fruit. When the temperature is high, use low concentration, and vice versa.

8, timely harvest: towel gourd continuous fruit strong, fruit growth fast, if planted properly every 2 to 3 days can be harvested, harvest time should be carried out in the morning, with tools from the fruit stalk cut, should not be plucked by hand, so as not to break the branches.

Disease and pest control of towel gourd

1. Towel gourd sheath rot

[harm] the damage period of towel gourd sheath rot is divided into seedling stage and melon setting stage, which leads to rotten melon after being killed.

[prevention and control] give priority to agricultural control, pay attention to the matching of three ditches, reduce field humidity, balance fertilization, prevent partial application and re-application of nitrogen fertilizer. Medicament prevention and cure use 1V / 2v / 200 Bordeaux liquid spray, early prevention and diligent prevention in case of rainy weather and high humidity during melon period.

2. Towel gourd downy mildew

[harm] A large number of leaves withered and died during the disease, which directly affected the yield and quality of melon.

[prevention and control] appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in agricultural control, and diseased leaves should be removed in time when the disease is first seen. The medicament control can choose 500x metalaxyl to irrigate the root in the early stage, and spray it with 2000 times poisonous mold at the beginning of the disease, once every 7 days, even twice.

3. Towel gourd virus disease

Towel gourd virus disease can be transmitted by aphids, agricultural practices and sweat contact.

[prevention and control] selecting disease-tolerant varieties, cultivating disease-free and strong seedlings, planting in advance appropriately, and timely prevention and control of aphids. At the initial stage of the disease, 20% virus A temperature powder 500 times liquid, 5% bacteriological clear water agent 500 times solution.

4. Towel gourd blight

[harm] the pathogen comes from seeds or soil and spreads through wind, rain and irrigation water.

[prevention and control] select disease-resistant varieties, carry out rotation, select fields with moderate height and convenient drainage and irrigation, spray 40% ethylphosphine aluminum 200 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution at the initial stage of the disease, once every 7 days, control 2 times 3 times.

5. Towel gourd powdery mildew

[harm] the pathogen overwintered on the diseased body and produced a large number of pollen spores on the disease spot in the growing season, which was spread by wind and rain. The peak period of the disease was from July to August.

In late June, 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was sprayed once, and in the first ten days of July, 25% rust Ning 500x solution was sprayed once every 5 to 8 days for 2 consecutive times.

6. Liriomyza sativae

[harm] the larvae latent feed on the mesophyll in the leaves, forming curved white insect channels, affecting the normal growth of the plant, and in serious cases, it can lead to a large number of fallen leaves, flowers and premature senescence.

[prevention and control] Clean the countryside, remove the damaged leaves in time when sporadic damage occurs in the field, the control agents are 0.25% Shengbang 1500 times liquid or 1.0% Avechongqing 1500 times liquid, pay attention to alternate use.