The latest course of High-yield cultivation techniques of High-quality Cucumber

In recent years, with the continuous progress of planting technology, people's demand for agricultural products is also growing. Traditional agricultural cultivation techniques have been unable to meet people's needs, cucumber as a traditional vegetable varieties, with its bright color, crisp taste, eating methods and other characteristics, occupies a very high position in China's vegetable products, is a good product for all ages. The following will introduce the cultivation methods and techniques of cucumber with high quality and high yield from the initial soil preparation to the final harvest.

1. Land preparation

Cucumber cultivation requires selecting weak acid to neutral sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, rich organic matter and strong ability to retain water and fertilizer. The optimum pH value is 5.7~7.2. When the pH value is below 5.5, the plant will have various physiological obstacles, chlorosis and death; when the pH value is higher than 7.2, it is easy to burn roots and seedlings, and salt damage will occur.

II. Seed selection

Choose disease-resistant, resistant, good commodity, high-yield varieties, such as Jinyou 10, Bo Nai 3, etc.

III. Seed soaking

Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 10~15 minutes, and stir continuously until the water temperature drops to 30℃, soak them for 3~4 hours, then wash the seeds repeatedly with clean water to clean the mucus, dry and germinate, which can prevent diseases such as scab and anthracnose. The soaked seeds are wrapped in clean wet cloth, placed at 28℃~32℃ for 1~2 days, and can be sown when 70% of the seeds are white.

IV. Seed bed preparation

Garden soil or field soil which has not been planted with melon vegetables for 3 - 5 years is selected and fully mixed with high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 3:1, and 2kg of three-element compound fertilizer is added into each cubic meter. 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder are mixed in a ratio of 1:1, 8 - 10 grams of medicament and 15 - 30 grams of fine soil are mixed per square meter, 2/3 of the mixture is used for bed making, and 1/3 of the mixture is used for covering after sowing.

V. Sowing and seedling raising

The sowing date of spring cucumber is determined according to the planting date. The suitable calendar seedling age for planting is 40-50 days, and the physiological seedling age is four leaves and one heart. If calculated according to the calendar seedling age, sowing should be carried out 40 - 50 days before planting. The physiological seedling age is related to the seedling method, 50~55 days in sunny bed or sunlight greenhouse, 45~50 days in heated greenhouse and 45 days in electric hot line greenhouse. Therefore, different seedling methods, sowing time is also different. Practice has proved that rapid seedling, not only save time, but also rapid emergence and strong, high yield in the early stage. Where there are conditions, try to use rapid seedling.

VI. Seedling management

1. Temperature management. From sowing to emergence, the temperature should be controlled at 28℃~32℃ in the daytime and 10℃~18℃ at night; from emergence to core breaking, the temperature should be controlled at 25℃~30℃ in the daytime and 16℃~18℃ at night; from core breaking to planting, the temperature should be controlled at 20℃~25℃ in the daytime and 12℃~16℃ at night.

2. Water management. Seedlings should be properly controlled water, see dry see wet, watering to irrigate thoroughly.

3. seedling refinement. 7~10 days before planting, control water and increase ventilation for low temperature seedling training. The daytime temperature is 18℃~20℃, and the night temperature is 8℃~10℃. When the seedlings reach 15 cm in height, 3 leaves and 1 heart, and the seedling age is about 35 days, they can be transplanted.

VII. Watering and Intertillage

Four to five days after planting, the leaves begin to grow. When a large number of new roots are growing underground, irrigate the seedlings once. After watering until the root melon sits generally do not water, carry out intertillage loose soil. The first intertillage requires deep, transparent, fine, about 7 cm deep, and the seedlings should be thoroughly hoed around, but the roots should not be damaged. The purpose of intertillage is to loosen the soil, improve the ground temperature and promote root growth. Control the growth of stems and leaves and squat seedlings. When the first melon of most plants (called root melon) sits down (melon grows to about 12 cm, not easy to melt melon called sitting melon), the results squat seedlings, start watering a water, this water should be appropriately larger. When the skin is not sticky, carry out a second intertill, shallow hoe, combined with intertill to remove weeds. After the first water irrigation can no longer lack water, after watering depends on the day. Look at the seedlings and master them flexibly. In the root melon harvest period, the day is not too hot, evaporation is small. Seedlings are not too high, watering can not be too frequent, water should not be too large, generally every 6 to 7 days to irrigate water. To harvest the waist claw to harvest the top melon is full melon period, the temperature is high, evaporation, lush stems and leaves, growth decision. Fruit melon more, cucumber life is the most water period, generally every 3 to 4 days irrigation, water should not be too large, advocate small water frequently irrigation, avoid flooding. After harvesting the top melon, the seedling gradually senescence, stem and leaf growth has been small, and in the rainy season, to control the watering times. When it does not rain, pour water every 5 to 6 days to make the land dry. In watering time, the early fruiting stage is best carried out in the morning, and the peak and late picking stage, watering in the evening, can reduce the ground temperature. Cucumbers are afraid of waterlogging. Pay attention to drainage after rain to avoid ponding in the border.

VIII. Frame insertion and vine binding

In order to prevent wind from shaking seedlings, try to insert shelves on the same day after planting. Cucumbers often adopt herringbone flower racks, and insert a bamboo pole into one seedling outside the seedling. The upper two rows of bamboo poles are tied together. When the vine is long and cannot grow upright, it should be tied in time, and then tied once every 3 to 4 leaves. The tie rope and the frame rod and vine are in the shape of "8", which can prevent the vine from rubbing or sliding with the frame rod. The tie should not be too tight, and the gap should be inserted into the index finger. Every time the vine is tied, the top of the vine should be fixed at the same height for easy management. It is best to tie the vine in the afternoon, so it is not easy to break the vine and leaves.

IX. Pest Control

Cucumber often occurs diseases such as blight, downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc., the main pests are aphid and roll ball mouse woman. According to the development trend of cucumber diseases and insect pests in recent years, it is necessary to carry out integrated control, implement reasonable rotation and strengthen field management, and spray pesticides or eliminate diseased seedlings in time at the early stage of disease. Fusarium wilt can be controlled by spraying root with 70% dixon 1000~1500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution; downy mildew can be controlled by spraying with 64% sandufan 400 times solution, or 70% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 77% mancozeb 500~800 times solution; powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying with 25% triadimefon 2500 times solution, or 25% fulicu 2000~3000 times solution, or 30% tefulin 2000 times solution. Aphis gossypii can be sprayed with 800~1200 times solution of cupron emulsifiable concentrate, or 3000 times solution of 2.5% uranus and rostrum emulsifiable concentrate; rodentia can be sprayed with 50~100 g of 25% deltamethrin or 20% metributin mixed with 10~20 kg of fine soil on the surface of the plot, or sprayed with 500 times solution of 50% dichlorvos.

X. Harvesting

Generally, melons are harvested about 25 to 30 days after planting, and the harvest period is about 40 to 60 days. The average yield per mu is 3500~4500 kg. Picking melon should be timely, when the top of melon strip from sharp round harvest. At this time, the melon strip has fully grown up and is not old, which is the appropriate harvest period.

Finally, add a point, cucumber is a multi-harvest vegetables, in flowering can be in the petals and leaves on a little sugar water, help attract bees to collect pollination, increase yield. The above is a full set of experience in high-yield cultivation of high-quality cucumbers, hoping to improve some reference and help to everyone.