Developing Beekeeping Industry to increase Farmers' income

Editor's note: beekeeping occupies an important position in china's national economy. It can not only provide rich bee products to the society, but also help farmers increase their income and become rich. At present, China raises about 6.5 million bee colonies, with an annual output of nearly 200,000 tons of honey, 1500 tons of royal jelly and 1100 tons of pollen, all of which rank first in the world apiculture industry. Honey and royal jelly are traditional export commodities of our country. The annual export volume of honey exceeds 100,000 tons, and royal jelly exceeds 900 tons, ranking first in the world. The export of honey products earns more than 80 million US dollars.

Breeding skills of introducing improved queen bee

With the development of science and technology of apiculture and the improvement of scientific and technological level of beekeepers, the introduction and cultivation of excellent bee species has become an important work in modern apiculture.

After receiving the queen bee, the introduction lure first feeds it a little water, dip it in water with your fingers, drop it on the iron gauze a few times, not too much, let alone wet the bee body, in order to meet the bee's need for water.

When the weather is fine and warm, and the bees fly normally, two old pupae which are leaving the room are respectively extracted from the strong colony, another box is placed, the young bees are shaken into 2 - 3 frames, and the box is placed in a new position to form an attractive colony. The colony should have one honey powder spleen to ensure sufficient feed. After the newly formed bee colony fully flies for 1 - 2 days, the queen bee can be attracted. If the queen bee is received in rainy weather, it is more difficult to organize the queen bee group. One old pupa spleen and one honey powder spleen can be extracted from the old pupa, and another group can be formed. Then about 1000 newly emerged young bees can be caught from the large group. The bee colony will be placed in a new site alone, and the queen bee can be introduced on the same day.

The quantity, age, climate and nectar source of honeybee should be considered when inducing queen bee. If all the queen bees are newly hatched, the outside temperature is suitable, and the honey powder source conditions are good, experienced people may wish to open the cage and put it into the box to let the queen bee climb out of the spleen by itself. After 1 hour, gently lift the spleen to check whether it is accepted. If the bee colony or external conditions are not ideal, think that there is no 100% certainty of directly releasing the king, hang the king cage with a frame line between the bee roads, and mix the smell of the king cage and the induced group 30 minutes in advance. In order to prevent the queen bee from flying away during the release process, it is best to do it indoors.

After the introduction of the queen bee, it should resume spawning within 7 days, and the speed should be from slow to fast, and the egg circle should be concentrated. In addition, the queen bee's oviposition ability is closely related to colony potential, external climate and nectar source conditions. Weak colony potential, poor nectar source conditions and low temperature all affect the queen bee's oviposition ability.

After 21 days of queen bee laying, offspring worker bees come out of the house one after another. The purity and impurity of queen bee should be observed by observing offspring worker bees. For example, Songdan No. 1 (Baishan No. 5) queen bee itself is black, its offspring drones are black, workers are colorful, corpus luteum color bees are more, very few workers are black, so is when breeding new king, this is its normal body color genetic phenotype; Songdan No. 2 queen bee is yellow, drones are mostly yellow, very few black, workers are colorful; Black ring line (Carniola) and other black king, queen bee, worker bee, drone are black, only a few queen bee offspring to improve their productivity for chimeric insemination appear colored worker bee, a few appear black drone and worker bee Beekeepers should have a correct understanding of the genetic characteristics of these species, so as not to cause misunderstanding and affect the use of the bee species.

The purpose of breeding new king beekeepers is to cultivate new king to replace the queen bee. Breeding high-quality queen bee is a highly technical work, beekeepers should unite with nearby bee farms, concentrate on breeding high-quality seed drones, eliminate inferior drones or sick bees, and then start breeding queen bee after sealing with seed drones. It can also be used to breed queens by time difference or geographical difference, and its ultimate purpose is to ensure that excellent virgin queens mate with high quality seed drones. If the non-seed drones cannot be controlled, the queen will mate with inferior or infected drones, and its offspring will inevitably have poor performance, such as poor reproduction, low economic benefits, high incidence, resulting in misleading introduction and infection.

After observation of progeny, it is generally not suitable for large-scale popularization. A part of new queen bees should be cultivated to replace the original queen bees. Compared with the original bee species under the same conditions, the progeny of the queen bees should be examined whether they have advantages in fecundity, productivity, disease resistance, winter and summer performance compared with the original bee species, and whether they can adapt to the local climate and honey powder source conditions. If the difference is significant, it indicates that the variety is suitable for mass propagation and popularization in the local area, otherwise, other varieties should be introduced.

From the practice of bee genetic breeding, the advantage of general hybrid generation is the most obvious, the second generation has declined, and only after three generations can there be advantage under the premise of special matching. Therefore, it is best to replace the seeds used in production once a year to avoid the decline of superiority caused by repeated use.