At present, "three questions" of cultivated land protection in China

June 25th is National Land Day. Ensuring the balance between the occupation and compensation of cultivated land, promoting land transfer in an orderly manner and carrying out the pilot project of rural land reform are the core of the current land problem in our country, and they are also the three major challenges facing the protection of cultivated land in our country, and they are also issues that the whole society should pay attention to and consider.

1. How much do you know about the "imbalance" of occupation and compensation balance between factory buildings and reservoirs?

In a reclaimed farmland, stone steps, canals and other irrigation and water conservancy facilities are relatively perfect, which looks like a standard farmland. But the crops are growing poorly, and potato, shallot, taro and potatoes are all wilting. The villagers told reporters that although this piece of reclaimed farmland has been well repaired and meets the standard of restoration, it actually has no water and is not suitable for farming at all. This is what the reporter discovered during an interview in a certain place in Chongqing recently. The balance of occupation and compensation in Chongqing is standardized all over the country, and all construction land is replenished first and then occupied. However, it is still quite possible to "take advantage of the advantages and make up for the disadvantages".

Public data show that the decline of cultivated land in China, especially high-quality cultivated land, has not diminished. According to Zhao Ye, a professor at the School of Environment of Beijing normal University, from 1997 to 2010, non-agricultural construction occupied 27.465 million mu of arable land, equivalent to half the territory of Hainan Province, and most of them were high-quality arable land.

In order to make up for the gap in the occupation of land for construction, our country requires a balance of compensation, "how much is occupied, how much is reclaimed". This policy generally helps to ensure the availability of arable land in our country. However, most of the new arable land "looks beautiful". Liu Kang, a researcher at the Land Research Institute of the China Institute of Land Survey and Planning, found that cultivated land resources in many provinces are becoming less and less, and it is becoming more and more difficult to balance them. As a result, they occupy water to make up for drought and take advantage of the advantages and disadvantages. The survey shows that about half of the cultivated land occupied by our country every year is paddy field, while the supplementary paddy field is less than 20%.

"according to national standards, the reclamation fee of one mu of paddy field in Baoting County is about 4000 yuan. If the same quality paddy field is achieved through land consolidation, it will be about 20, 000 yuan to 30, 000 yuan, and the price difference needs financial support at the county level." Wu Xiong, director of the Land Bureau of Baoting County, Hainan Province, said that only when the national and provincial governments increase the financial tilt can the local governments afford it.

According to the No. 1 National Land Inspector announcement of 2015, routine inspectors in 56 cities found that 1215 projects in 47 cities did not supplement cultivated land or failed to pay cultivated land reclamation fees in accordance with the prescribed quantity and quality requirements, covering an area of 153000 mu; 45 cities identified the current situation as housing, factories, reservoirs, etc., as arable land, covering an area of 107400 mu.

"more than 80% of the inspected cities have the phenomenon of using construction land to supplement arable land, which is typical of inferior quality, advantages and disadvantages, it can be seen that the occupation-compensation balance policy is seriously distorted." Said Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

2. How much do you know about the "loss" of land circulation?

Alfalfa has developed root system, drought tolerance and strong nitrogen fixation ability, which can loosen soil and improve soil organic matter. According to the research and statistics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, planting alfalfa can transform medium-and low-yield fields, increasing grain production by 20 kg per mu and 10 kg per mu. The strange phenomenon is that "good fields and forage grasses" are planted in the central provinces.

"unlike the situation of growing alfalfa on barren land, sandy land and hillside land in other parts of China, we use good land transferred from farmers to grow alfalfa with good quality and high yield." A grass company announced publicly on the Internet.

In a county in northern Anhui, the largest land transfer project is alfalfa planting, with a circulation scale of 100000 mu, which provides grass for the local introduction of dairy cattle. The reporter saw that a large area of cultivated land originally planted with wheat and corn was planted with green alfalfa, which seemed like a spectacular prairie. Local cadres said they wanted to "build the inland prairie."

It is not a unique instance, but has its counterpart. In another major agricultural county in Anhui, most of the transferred land is used to grow flowers and seedlings. Hu Chenglin, a professor at Anhui Agricultural University, believes that industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside, land transfer changes and loss, and the tendency of "non-grain" is worrying. "at present, there are only provisions in principle on the use of land transfer, such as not changing the use of agricultural land. However, there is a lack of details on how to control the proportion of grain and cash crops. The rate of return of growing grain is definitely not as good as that of growing cash crops. In the long run, there are hidden dangers in food security. "

Han Changfu, minister of agriculture, said that it is necessary and encouraged and welcomed for industrial and commercial capital to enter agriculture to transform traditional agriculture and develop modern agriculture. However, when industrial and commercial enterprises enter agriculture, they should mainly provide services before and after production and develop modern planting and breeding industries suitable for enterprise management, leaving the general links of planting and breeding to farmers, and not necessarily directly renting land contracted by farmers in a large area. In particular, we should not touch the bottom line of "non-agriculturalization" of land. "when the boss goes to the countryside, he should drive the fellow villagers, not replace them."

3. "Buy" the village: the farmland reform "must not be changed".

In a county in central China, a private enterprise owner engaged in agricultural cultivation began to implement a big plan throughout the county in 2014: to spend money on dilapidated houses of villagers. The business owner told the reporter that at present, he has bought houses in two villages, and in the future, he will buy all the houses in villages with good natural environment and planting bases in the county.

According to the current laws and regulations, not to mention that urban residents can not buy farmers' homestead, even residents of neighboring villages can not buy homestead across villages. The regulations are still in force in the 33 rural land reform pilot projects approved by the central government.

"at the present stage, the pilot administrative area shall not take the withdrawal of the right to the use of homestead as a condition for settling in the city, the withdrawal of homestead shall be paid voluntarily, and the transfer shall be limited to within the collective economic organization, so as to prevent urbanites from buying land and building houses in rural areas, leading to 'counter-urbanization'." Jiang Daming, minister of land and resources, said when reporting to the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the risk prevention and control of 33 reform pilot projects.

The state-owned urban land and the collective ownership of suburban and rural land are stipulated in the Constitution and the bottom line of constitutional reform. The business owner who wants to buy houses in villages in the county said that after the transformation, these villages will form an "agricultural eco-tourism industry chain" that connects with the planting base. City dwellers can rent seeds in the form of members at the base, and the company employs people to be responsible for planting. City members come on holiday every year and live in the houses purchased by the company to "experience the pleasures of the countryside". I signed a sale and purchase agreement with a farmer, supported by the local government. "moving farmers out of their old houses will not only improve their lives, but also invigorate their idle assets, killing two birds with one stone."

"the reform of the land system is not only an important part of comprehensively deepening the reform, but also one of the difficulties in the reform, which involves the adjustment of major interests, the revision of relevant laws, and the improvement of a series of important systems, such as the system of rural collective economic organizations and the system of villagers' autonomy." Jiang Daming said: we must adhere to the bottom line that the nature of public ownership of land will not change, the red line of cultivated land will not be broken, and the interests of farmers will not be harmed.

The reporter interviewed and saw that a lot of capital has entered the countryside to engage in large-scale agricultural operations. But the "enclosure" is not a small number. A person in charge of an agricultural enterprise in Huainan, Anhui Province, said that many of his friends who are engaged in real estate or business are reading the Book of Rural Land concessions: "if you go in now, the rental cost will be low and there will be subsidies, and you will earn more once the land appreciates in the future."

An operator who was originally engaged in fertilizer marketing admitted that he had gone to the countryside to contract more than 600 mu of land. "time for space": the contract period is 20 years, and the farmers have long stopped farming and left their hometown when it is due. He will become "the first batch of farmers in China".

"We should take a clear-cut stand against the idea of changing the nature of public ownership of land; we should investigate and deal with the actual occupation of cultivated land in the name of reform, and be held accountable according to law; and we should stop and resolutely correct the situation that harms the rights and interests of rural areas in the course of reform." Jiang Daming said.

Protect valuable arable land

Just do something.

June 25 this year is the 25th National Land Day. The basic national conditions of a large population and little land, and the major event of feeding more than a billion people, determine that cultivated land is the most precious resource in our country.

All things are born in the earth, and there is land and grain. To ensure that the red line of cultivated land is not allowed to be touched and to ensure the absolute safety of food rations is a major event related to the state. To implement the strictest policy on the protection of cultivated land and ensure the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, the central policies, state regulations and the legal responsibilities of the people's governments at all levels have been extremely clear. However, from the analysis of various aspects, the situation of cultivated land protection in China is extremely grim.

In terms of quantity, the data of the second large-scale national land survey show that compared with the first land survey, the national construction land has increased from 29.18 million hectares to 35 million hectares (525 million mu). The scale of more than 500 million mu of construction land is quite astonishing, although it ensures the demand for land for economic and social development in the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, but the data also show that the long-term accumulation of idle waste, extensive use and inefficiency of land is not easy to solve. In 2014, special land inspectors for saving and intensive land use found that more than 13 million mu of land was granted but not supplied, and 1.05 million mu of idle land was left unused. While sitting idle, land expropriation has reached an unsustainable stage, and we can no longer be indifferent.

In terms of quality, the "internal injury" of cultivated land in China is that high-quality cultivated land disappears at a faster rate. From the first large-scale land survey to the second large-scale land survey, the area of paddy fields disappeared in only five provinces along the southeast coast in the past 13 years is equivalent to the area of paddy fields in Fujian Province. The second large-scale land survey ended at the end of 2009, and the situation in the following six years can hardly be said to have improved. In terms of climate and other environmental resources, the transformation from "transferring grain from the south to the north" to "transporting grain from the north to the south" is also the change of farming geology. Occupying water to make up for drought, advantages and disadvantages exist not only in some provinces, autonomous regions and cities, but also at the national level. In this regard, we can no longer allow it.

"the city surrounds the countryside" has become a trend of swallowing. The idea of "We must do something quickly to protect arable land" has floated through the minds of many people. "June 25" is a legal anniversary, a day that evokes land distress. It is hoped that we can join hands and take practical actions to protect the safety of the country and promote the protection of cultivated land in a more down-to-earth manner.