The latest course of grafting techniques and methods of eggplant

The soil-borne disease of eggplant is very serious, and the pathogen of soil-borne disease can survive in the soil for 4-6 years. And the control effect of pesticides is very low, so eggplant can not be planted again and again, and rotation must be carried out. However, the reasonable use of eggplant grafting technology can effectively control these soil-borne diseases, and the planting efficiency will be improved to a certain extent. So the editor brings you the grafting technology of eggplant today, let's have a look!

1. Select rootstocks

Eggplant grafted rootstocks should choose eggplant, spiny eggplant and Tolubam and other varieties, these rootstocks have different disease resistance. For example, eggplant is mainly resistant to Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt, and the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of grafting are relatively high. However, serious soil-borne diseases should not be selected as rootstocks. Eggplant is mainly resistant to Verticillium wilt, is now the most commonly used rootstock, soaking seeds for a day or so can almost all germinate. Tolubam can basically resist most of the soil diseases, but the seed germination rate is not high, so it is necessary to soak the seeds to accelerate germination. Therefore, we should select rootstocks according to the degree of soil disease and planting area, and prepare for grafting.

2. Seedbed preparation

After preparing the rootstock, control the ratio of soil to mature farm manure, prepare it into nutritious soil, and disinfect the bed soil after preparation. The disinfectant can use pentachloronitrobenzene and zinc, which can be fully mixed with the soil, and then covered with plastic film for about 3 days. Then prepare the seeds according to the area of the seedbed, and the thickness of the nutritious soil is about 10 cm. Pour enough water to improve the moisturizing capacity of the soil and wait for sowing.

3. Deal with the seeds

In sunny weather, seed drying should be carried out, the drying time should be controlled at 7 hours, and then soak for about 0.5-1 hour with potassium permanganate or carbendazim and other agents. After soaking, remove it and wash it, then put it in warm water of about 30 degrees. If the rootstock is Tolubam, prepare a 100% concentration of sprouting agent. After soaking for about 8 hours, clean the mucus on the seed coat, then use a wet cloth to accelerate germination, the temperature is controlled at about 18 degrees, wash twice a day with warm water, about a week can germinate.

4. Sowing management

The sowing time of different rootstocks will be different. Plain eggplant should be sowed about a week in advance, thorn eggplant should be sowed about 1-3 weeks in advance, and Tolubam should be sowed about a month in advance. Then wait until about 85% of the seed buds grow to about 2 mm, sow evenly on the seedbed, cover nutritious soil and plastic film for heat preservation and moisturizing. The temperature should be controlled at about 29 degrees, and the temperature at night should not be lower than 20 degrees. After the seedlings are unearthed, the plastic film can be opened. After about a week, the temperature will be controlled at about 22 degrees. After emergence, the nutrient soil will be sprinkled twice to promote nutrition absorption.

5. Grafting method

Divide the seedlings when they reach two true leaves, then strengthen fertilizer and water management and transplant them at the right time. Then grafting is carried out when the seedlings grow to six true leaves, usually by using the method of split grafting, after the seedlings are dug out, about two true leaves of the rootstock are retained. Cross-cut the stem of the rootstock, remove the upper part of the rootstock, then split about 1.2 cm under the traditional Chinese medicine of the stem, pull out the scion seedlings and retain 3 true leaves. Cut it into a wedge-shaped cutting surface, which should be as long as the interface, and the cutting edge should be smooth and smooth, then insert the cut scion into the interface of the rootstock, align it with each other and fix it with a grafting clip.

After grafting, the grafted seedlings should be planted in a small arch shed, poured enough water, and the arch shed should be covered strictly. It should not be exposed to the wind within 3 days after grafting, and the air humidity and temperature should be well controlled to prevent direct sunlight. Then, with the appropriate increase of light and ventilation over time, it can be managed normally after the graft interface is healed. The management after grafting is also very important, so we must pay more attention to it.