Make up for the deficiency of small scale and low benefit of agriculture.

The Ministry of Finance recently issued guidelines to promote appropriate scale operation of agriculture, speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system, and promote the transformation of the mode of agricultural development and the process of agricultural modernization. To promote the moderate scale operation of agriculture, how to give full play to the advantages of comprehensive agricultural development? How to grasp the balance of "moderation"? The reporter interviewed relevant departments and experts on the specific contents of the policy and hot issues of social concern.

Agricultural operation is small in scale and inefficient, facing the "double squeeze" of cost and price.

"the purpose of promoting moderate scale operation of agriculture is to ensure national food security and increase farmers' income by increasing agricultural efficiency." A relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that the specific way to promote it is to be based on the function of comprehensive agricultural development, to find the right focus and combination point, and to encourage various forms of pilot exploration.

According to this responsible person, one of the outstanding advantages of comprehensive agricultural development is the comprehensive management of Tianshui Road, forest and mountains, and the integrated operation of agriculture, industry and trade, production, processing and marketing. In the pilot stage, mainly combined with high-standard farmland construction projects, a new type of agricultural operators are selected to support; for individual transferred arable land with a large area, separate projects can also be set up outside the project area. At the same time, expand the scope of use of funds, financial funds in addition to water circuits and other infrastructure construction, but also for seedling raising facilities, grain drying equipment, warehousing and logistics, agricultural machinery shed and other supporting facilities to provide appropriate subsidies. In the relevant supporting infrastructure of agriculture, forestry, water, electricity and roads, we can support a link or individual measures in accordance with the principle of what is missing.

"the guidance issued this time, coupled with the previous adjustment and improvement of the three agricultural subsidy policies, have sent a clear signal that financial funds will be tilted towards the main body of a new type of agricultural operation, making up for the shortcomings of small scale and low efficiency of agricultural operation in our country." Ye Xingqing, head of the Rural Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said.

Ye Xingqing analyzed that China has a large population and little land, the scale of agricultural production and operation is low, and the area of cultivated land per household is less than 8 mu, resulting in a low level of agricultural labor productivity and high production costs. Due to the rise of the cost "floor" and the downward pressure of the price "ceiling", China's agriculture is suffering from a "double squeeze". In the face of the international competition of global integration, our competitive advantage is declining. With the advance of industrialization and urbanization, the non-farm employment income of farmers is increasing, and their willingness to engage in agriculture is declining day by day. "who will farm the land" and "how to farm the land" has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, in order to improve agricultural competitiveness and ensure national food security, we must develop appropriate scale operation and cultivate new types of agricultural operators, including professional large households, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives, agricultural leading enterprises and so on.

The scale of land is not the bigger the better. "moderation" is the key.

The production characteristics of agriculture determine that the family is the basic form of agricultural management. The key to moderate scale operation is "moderate", and the larger the land scale, the better. It is generally believed that the core of "moderation" lies in the equality of income of operators. If the income from farming on the scale of land operation is equivalent to the income from workers in the local secondary and tertiary industries, and if the scale of land operation is equivalent to 10 and 15 times the area of land contracted by local households, key support shall be given.

It is clear that through policy guidance and project constraints, we will focus on supporting the development of large-scale production of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, and so on, so as to ensure that appropriate scale operation does not change land use and does not harm the rights and interests of farmers. do not destroy the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and the agricultural ecological environment.

"the socialized service system of agriculture is also an indispensable link of moderate scale operation, and policy support should be strengthened." Ye Xingqing said: there is a wide range of agricultural social service organizations, such as specialized cooperatives in plant protection and agricultural machinery in the field of agricultural production, and various production and marketing cooperative organizations in the field of circulation of agricultural products. Vigorously support farmers' cooperative organizations to carry out social services, do a good job in agricultural science and technology demonstration and extension services, and strengthen the construction of the market circulation service system of agricultural products, it plays an important role in building a three-dimensional compound modern agricultural management system based on family management, with cooperation and association as the link, and socialized service as the support.

Increase financial support to drive financial and social capital investment

How can financial funds and social capital form a joint force to promote the appropriate scale operation of agriculture? In this regard, the guidance gives a clear answer: remove institutional obstacles, give full play to the guidance and leverage of financial funds, and promote financial and social capital investment through a number of measures, such as discounted interest on loans, construction before compensation, equity investment, and so on.

For example, through loans, financing guarantees and other means to attract financial capital to invest in high-standard farmland construction. The central government will discount interest on loans used for the construction of high-standard farmland. Expand financing channels, in addition to policy banks, commercial banks, rural credit cooperatives and other financial institutions also include the scope of interest discount. The "trinity" of bank loans, financial subsidies, self-raised funds and the combination of loans and subsidies are allowed to attract financial funds into high-standard farmland construction and further speed up the progress of construction. At the same time, relying on the new main body of agricultural management, we will establish a new mechanism to promote the integration of high-standard farmland construction, use, management and protection. The assets formed by financial subsidies for high-standard farmland construction shall be held and protected by new agricultural operators such as farmers' cooperatives.

Financial support measures also include: increasing the support of discounted interest on loans, leveraging more financial capital into the development of agricultural industrialization, exploring the use of equity investment funds and equity guidance funds to guide social capital into comprehensive agricultural development, and jointly supporting and strengthening the leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization. We will continue to improve the policies of financial subsidies and loan discounts for industrialized projects, and support leading enterprises to establish a close interest linkage mechanism with cooperatives and farmers.

Ye Xingqing stressed: to develop moderate scale operation, we can neither rush nor wait. On the one hand, rural scale operation must adapt to the process of urbanization and the scale of rural labor transfer, to the progress of agricultural science and technology and the improvement of production means, and to the level of agricultural management organizations and agricultural socialized services; on the other hand, agriculture is facing great pressure from international competition, so we must actively promote appropriate scale operation from now on to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.