Upgrading the Technology of Grain Storage in medium Grain Storage to provide rest assured Grain Source for the Society

"with the economic development entering the new normal, the consumer demand of ordinary people has changed from eating well in the past to eating well, from eating rich and delicious to paying attention to quality, safety and health, and the safety on the tip of the tongue has attracted more and more attention." The person in charge of the General Office of China Grain Storage told the author, "China Grain Storage will upgrade the management of granaries all over the world by promoting green technology and grain storage technology, so as to provide high-quality and reassuring grain sources for the society."

Full coverage of "four in one" grain storage technology

In the warehouse directly under Zhengzhou, the person in charge of the warehouse pointed to a flat warehouse behind him and said: "this warehouse was built in 2000 and can hold more than 4000 tons of grain, and the grain pile is 6 meters deep. Although the single granary has a large capacity, the grain layer is high, the environment of grain pile is complex, moisture and heat are easy to transfer, pests are easy to spread, and the risk of grain heap fever, deterioration, condensation, mildew and insect pests is increased. "

Since the new century, the scale of grain warehousing in China has been increasing, and large flat warehouses and shallow silos have become the mainstream warehouse type. traditional methods and single technology are difficult to achieve large-scale and long-term safe grain storage in large granaries. To this end, the China Grain Storage Corporation and the National Grain Science Research Institute and other units have jointly developed a new technology system that meets the needs of grain storage in the new period of our country.

The working principle of the "four-in-one" technology is that the four technologies of grain monitoring, mechanical ventilation, recirculation fumigation and grain cooling are organically combined with standard wind network layout and unified computer management system to solve the main problems of safe grain storage in large bunkers and shallow silos. Through the layering of hundreds of temperature sensors in the grain stack of each warehouse, the real-time detection and accurate analysis of the grain situation are realized; the stored grain is mechanically ventilated by computer intelligent control, and the mildew and mildew of the grain pile is eliminated; by setting pipes in the middle of the granary, automatic, low-dose, explosion-proof recirculation fumigation is carried out to effectively kill resistant pests. Through the use of high-efficiency grain cooler with frequency conversion and air regulation, the grain stack can be cooled rapidly.

Ten years ago in 2005, the comprehensive application rate of the "four-in-one" grain storage technology in the China Grain Storage system reached 100%, the "aged grain" was completely eliminated, and the suitable storage rate increased steadily from 70% to more than 95%. Due to the huge social and ecological benefits, the grain reserve "four-in-one" technological research and development and integrated innovation project won the "first prize of national scientific and technological progress" in 2010.

Comprehensive temperature control is effective in grain storage.

In the central grain reserve warehouse directly under Wenzhou, the author saw that the granaries were all equipped with air conditioners. According to the storekeeper of the warehouse, "in summer, according to the grain temperature monitoring data, cold replenishment measures such as air conditioning temperature control will be automatically activated to keep the average grain temperature below 20 and the upper average grain temperature below 25, so as to ensure the safety of grain storage in the summer."

Rice belongs to the grain variety which is not tolerant to storage, especially in the south, the problem of rapid change in quality is very prominent. For this reason, China Grain Storage actively explored a reasonable combination of technology, technology and equipment, and took the lead in formulating the "Technical regulations for temperature-controlled Storage of Rice" in the industry, proposing "ventilation in autumn and winter to reduce the basic grain temperature; heat insulation in spring to delay the increase of grain temperature." The temperature control storage technical route of "removing heat in summer and replenishing cold source at the right time", and put forward temperature control requirements for rice storage in different seasons in South China high temperature and humidity storage ecological region, East China heat and humidity storage ecological region and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region.

According to reports, the comprehensive benefit of temperature-controlled grain storage is high. Generally speaking, the cost of storing grain with comprehensive temperature control per ton of rice is about 4 yuan per year, including equipment depreciation and electricity charges, but because of its good quality and popularity, the out-of-warehouse price is much higher than that of ordinary rice, which not only achieves a good grain price, but also provides the society with higher quality grain.

In addition, the medium grain storage takes advantage of the favorable climatic conditions of the "three northern areas" to promote the low temperature (quasi-low temperature) grain storage technology locally to ensure that the average temperature of the grain stack is controlled within the target range of low temperature (below 15) and quasi-low temperature (below 20). At present, the proportion of grain stored at low temperature (quasi-low temperature) in the "three northern areas" of grain storage has reached more than 80%.

The level of nitrogen storage is the leading in the world.

The direct storage of Nanning is located in the area of high temperature and high humidity in the south, and the stored grain varieties are mainly rice, so it is difficult to keep the grain. However, it is such a grain depot that has achieved "zero fumigation, zero deterioration and zero insect pests" for three consecutive years, and has been widely praised in the industry, thanks to a secret weapon in the warehouse-nitrogen grain storage technology.

The storekeeper turned on the nitrogen-making machine: "the nitrogen-making machine separates the nitrogen from the air and fills the high concentration of nitrogen into the grain stack to keep the nitrogen concentration above 96%." In this way, pests and molds can not grow and reproduce and achieve physical control of pests and molds, thus putting an end to the use of chemical fumigation to control insects. " It is understood that the use of chemicals to control stored grain pests is a common international practice at present. However, more and more attention has been paid to the resulting problems, such as the enhancement of drug resistance of stored grain pests and the potential harm to the health of operators. "nitrogen grain storage technology is to separate nitrogen from the air. The technological process will not cause pollution to the environment, nor will it cause harm to operators. More importantly, it avoids the contact between grain and chemicals. It is a pure green stored grain pest control technology."

The nitrogen storage granary is sealed on five sides so that the nitrogen will not spill out, and the whole grain pile is like being placed in an oversized "fresh-keeping bag". According to reports: "in addition to preventing and controlling pests, the nitrogen storage environment can also inhibit the respiratory metabolism of grain itself. On the one hand, it can reduce the respiratory fever of grain and ensure safe storage, on the other hand, it can also reduce the loss of dry matter of grain, achieve the role of preservation, and greatly improve the quality of stored grain."

"Food is the most important thing for the people, and safety is the first thing to eat. In the face of the new normal, China Grain Reserve will continue to adhere to the green development direction, comprehensively upgrade the national grain reserve management model, represent the advanced productive forces of the industry, and make new contributions to the country's food security and sustained and healthy economic and social development. " The person in charge of China Grain Storage said. It is understood that the China Grain Storage Corporation has studied and formulated the warehousing Science and Technology Development Plan for 2015-2019, and plans to invest about 3 billion yuan in the next five years. Focus on the promotion of seven green low-carbon advanced grain storage technologies and equipment (i.e. comprehensive temperature control, nitrogen regulation, intelligent ventilation, intelligent drying, quality assurance and loss reduction, acquisition of intelligent grading and miscellaneous finishing technology). We will build a green, energy-saving, efficient and safe grain storage technology system for different ecological regions and varieties, help ensure grain storage quality, reduce losses, and reduce consumption, and strive to control the loss of stored grain within 1.2% in 2015 and 1% by 2016. build the reserve "invisible grain field".