Let the broad masses of farmers become the biggest beneficiaries of agricultural modernization

During his visit to Jiangsu, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that without agricultural modernization, rural prosperity, and farmers living and working in peace and contentment, national modernization is incomplete, incomplete, and unstable. Jiangsu is required to take the lead and lead in the development of the "four modernizations," and take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization in the whole country. To profoundly understand and implement the spirit of the General Secretary's important instructions, we must firmly establish that agricultural modernization is for farmers, rely on their values and methodology, and vigorously cultivate all kinds of business subjects with professional farmers as the main force. to enable the broad masses of farmers to equally participate in the process of modernization, share the fruits of modernization, become the biggest beneficiaries of agricultural modernization, and realize the "making agricultural management effective" put forward by the General Secretary. Let agriculture become a running industry, let farmers become a decent profession, and let the countryside become a beautiful home to live and work in peace and contentment. In order to achieve this goal, in the promotion work, we must correctly handle the relationship between cultivating professional farmers and cultivating new business subjects, and correctly handle the relationship between family farms, cooperatives and agricultural enterprises. we should correctly handle the relationship between family management and collective management, cooperative management and enterprise management, and correctly handle the relationship between social service organizations and all kinds of business subjects.

First, vigorously cultivate professional farmers to become an important force in the new type of agricultural management and the main force in the construction of agricultural modernization.

Labourers are the most active factor in the development of productive forces. Without the modernization of farmers, there would be no modernization of agriculture. During his inspection in Jiangsu, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphatically pointed out: "Agricultural modernization depends on people, and no one can cultivate the land, and it will not work no matter how good the seeds are, no matter how much fertilizer, and no matter how advanced the machinery and equipment are." The new type of professional farmers, as the main body of modern agriculture, is also the talent basis for cultivating other new business subjects. The new type of professional farmers is the only way to improve the management ability of traditional farmers, and it is difficult for traditional farmers to play the leading role in the construction of modern agriculture. New professional farmers have rich knowledge, master advanced technology, are good at operation and management, and can lead innovation and entrepreneurship. They are not only investors in agricultural production and decision-makers in agricultural management, but also the demonstrator of advanced science and technology and the leader of modern agriculture. The new type of professional farmers is also the talent basis for the construction of all kinds of new business subjects. for the new business entities such as large farmers, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, the founders are mainly professional farmers. the quality of professional farmers determines the development quality and production and management level of these subjects.

To promote the construction of modern agriculture, it is necessary to strengthen the dominant position of farmers, establish channels for the transformation and upgrading of farmers, and, on the basis of speeding up the cultivation of new types of professional farmers, support the transformation of professional farmers into large professional households and family farms, support professional farmers to lead and set up cooperatives, support the production cooperation and interest linkage between professional farmers and agricultural enterprises, and consolidate the talent foundation for the construction of modern agriculture. This year, our province has been identified by the Ministry of Agriculture as a province to promote the cultivation of new-type professional farmers as a whole, focusing on cultivating "three types of professional farmers" according to reality, that is, promoting a group of "old farmers" with agricultural experience and labor force. attract a group of "new farmers" who are homesick and want to return home to start a business, and introduce a group of educated and innovative "knowledge farmers". It is planned to cultivate 200000 new-type professional farmers every year, and 1.2 million new-type professional farmers by 2020, reaching 50% of the training degree of new-type professional farmers in the province.

II. Family farms are the most basic business subjects engaged in the development of modern agriculture. We must encourage development and form a pattern of division of labor and cooperation, giving full play to their strengths, mutual benefit and win-win, integrated development with other operators.

The general secretary pointed out that "great efforts should be made to cultivate new business entities such as large professional households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, and so on." At present, the four types of operators in our province have developed and played different roles. 24000 family farms, more than 70, 000 cooperatives and 5645 leading agricultural enterprises at and above the county level have been identified. Compared with other business entities, family farms have subjectivity and fundamentality. Compared with traditional farmers, the agricultural production scale of family farms becomes larger and more professional, which overcomes the disadvantages of "small and comprehensive" contracted farmers. through large-scale operation, the income from agriculture is guaranteed, and the degree of specialization and intensification is obviously improved. more efficient and competitive. Compared with farmers' cooperatives, family farms are the basic members of cooperatives, and cooperatives are an important link between new operators such as family farms. Without family farms, the development of cooperatives will lose its foundation. In addition, the purpose between the two is different: farmers run family farms in order to get rich, and cooperatives aim to serve their members; types are different, family farms are independent market subjects, cooperatives are legal entities of cooperatives, and decision-making mechanisms are different. family farms make self-decision, and cooperatives implement democratic management. The distribution of benefits is different, family farms are responsible for their own profits and losses, and 60% of the distributable surplus of cooperatives should be returned to members according to the transaction volume (amount). Compared with agricultural enterprises, family farms are the basis for the production of raw materials for leading enterprises, and leading enterprises should become a community of interests with family farms, with something to do and something not to do, not only to play a leading role, but not to take the place of others, to prevent large areas and long periods of time from renting and occupying contracted land, and to prevent "one subject, multiple brands".

Create a phalanx of modern agricultural operators, regard family farms as the most basic main bodies in agricultural production, support and encourage the appropriate concentration of land to farming experts and professional farmers into family farms, support and encourage family farms as members to set up or transform farmers' professional cooperatives, and support and encourage family farms to establish a stable relationship of interests with agricultural enterprises. Guide all kinds of new business entities to play an advantageous role in their respective suitable fields, give full play to their strengths and develop in an integrated manner.

Third, family management is an important foundation of the basic rural management system, and the innovation of other management modes must be conducive to increasing farmers' income, land output rate and comprehensive agricultural efficiency.

The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to "adhere to the basic position of family management in agriculture and promote the innovation of agricultural management mode of common development of family management, collective management, cooperative management and enterprise management." Each of the four modes of operation has its own emphasis and different functions. Family management is not only the management mode of traditional small farmers, professional large households, family farms and other main bodies, but also the most important mode of operation, especially in the production link. Whether it is the European and American model or the Japanese and Korean model, family management has always been the most basic and basic organizational form of agricultural production, and it is also the most competitive mode of operation in agricultural production. Reflected in the way of organization, the labor force of family management is mainly family members, the production and management objectives are highly consistent, there is a high degree of coordination among members, and there is no phenomenon such as slack due to poor management, so as to really think and work hard in one place. Reflected in the anti-risk ability, family operation is different from industrial and commercial capital in the pursuit of high return on capital, which is generally moderate in scale and pursues steady development; there is no large number of employed workers in household operation, and the cost can be effectively controlled within an appropriate range in the case of rising labor costs; in response to disastrous weather, family management will take disaster prevention and mitigation measures at the first time, with strong flexibility and high efficiency. Reflected in the quality of agricultural products, family management is gradually dominated by family farms. At the present stage, Jiangsu focuses on developing family farms with a scale of 100,000,000 mu, which is much larger than the traditional decentralized operation of one household, but remains within a moderate range. It is easy to promote standardized production, and it is also convenient to carry out traceability management of agricultural products.

Compared with family management, collective management is the innovation of rural collective economy to develop modern agriculture. Cooperative management emphasizes the association and cooperation between different subjects, and the corresponding business entities are mainly farmers' cooperatives, which have the service advantages of driving retail investors, organizing large investors, docking enterprises and connecting the market. Enterprise management is based on agricultural enterprises, mainly engaged in high investment intensity, high degree of marketization, other business entities can not do well, such as seeds and seedlings, processing and circulation, and so on. Each mode of operation has its corresponding functional positioning, how to choose to adjust measures to local conditions, enhance strengths and avoid weaknesses, but no matter what mode of operation is developed, it must aim at "three maximization". That is, land output maximization, agricultural benefit maximization, farmers' income maximization. These are the three key indicators to judge the success of business mode innovation.

IV. Socialized service organizations are not only a strong guarantee for all kinds of subjects to develop modern agriculture, but also a key area for industrial and commercial capital to invest in agriculture.

Modern agriculture is not only a simple expansion of production scale, nor is it a single micro-subject covering the whole process from planting to harvest, from production to marketing, but a modern industrial form with gradual refinement of agricultural division of labor and continuous improvement of the degree of specialization of each link. Agricultural development in developed countries, regardless of scale, is supported by a sound social service system, and a considerable part of agricultural operations are handed over to specialized service organizations. From the actual agricultural production in our province, the social service organization shows the trend of changing from single service to comprehensive service, which is playing a more and more important role. Socialized service can improve the efficiency of production and operation. No matter what kind of business entity, it is uneconomical to complete all the production and operation links independently, and it is not conducive to the improvement of management capacity. Socialized service can promote the development of scale operation. In addition to the centralized scale operation of land, through the development of social services, all or part of the production and operation links can be completed by specialized service organizations, and standardized production and large-scale operation can be carried out without the transfer of land. Social service can promote the level of new subjects and traditional farmers. At present, the organizers of social service organizations include professional large families, family farms, agricultural technicians and other main bodies, generally have their own land of a certain scale, and carry out professional services for other subjects in some links. This type of service organization has the strongest vitality, which can not only achieve mutual service among new business entities such as large farmers and family farms, but also drive traditional small farmers to improve the level of production management.

The development of socialized service needs the support of modern material equipment and modern agricultural science and technology talents, which not only needs more modern professional farmers, but also needs a certain amount of capital investment as a guarantee, which is the key area of industrial and commercial capital investment in agriculture. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of enterprises in modern production factors and management models, highlight the large-scale and standardized services in production links, highlight the extension of the scope of services, and encourage industrial and commercial capital to enter the agricultural field to develop full-process services from seed to harvest. At the same time, it is necessary to extend services to prenatal and post-natal services, play a leading role in seed and seedling breeding, processing and circulation of agricultural products, and improve service efficiency. Introduce all kinds of business entities into the track of modern agriculture.