How to solve the problem of water pollution prevention and control in agricultural and rural areas?

Recently, cyanobacteria broke out in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, which has become the focus of social attention during the summer tourism season. In recent years, concentrated outbreaks of cyanobacteria in rivers and lakes are common, which highlights the severe situation of water environment in many rural areas of our country. Not long ago, the State Council issued the "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Water pollution," which proposed to speed up the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment, prevent and control pollution from livestock and poultry breeding, control agricultural non-point source pollution, and adjust the structure and layout of the planting industry, in order to fundamentally solve this problem. So, how to solve the problem of prevention and control of water pollution in agricultural and rural areas?

Comprehensive treatment to improve water quality

"when I was a child, the river was clear. When guests come to my house, boil water, and I temporarily go into the river to catch fish. Later, the river was so black and smelly that the grass did not grow in the river, and the fish and shrimp were gone. " When it comes to the Tongxin River in front of his home, Zhao Genbao, 65, of Xinle Village, Kunshan, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, on the shore of Taihu Lake, is very sad.

For decades, with the development of economy, the rural water environment in Suzhou is deteriorating day by day. Untreated rural sewage is directly discharged into the river, and the river turns black and smelly. Taihu Lake water pollution, ecological deterioration, accelerating towards swamp.

Under the severe situation of the deterioration of water ecology, Suzhou launched a comprehensive treatment project of urban and rural water environment. According to Xia Jian, deputy director of the Suzhou Water Resources Bureau, since 2007, Suzhou has set up 337 long-term river management organizations, with more than 8500 river cleaners alone, with an investment of 137 million yuan, and the sewage pipe network has increased from 3540 km to 10024 km, and the effluent has fully reached first-class A standard. In addition, Suzhou has established a "regular round dredging" mechanism for rural rivers, which clearly defines the dredging cycle. At present, the rate of reaching the standard of water quality in water functional areas has increased to 65% from 15.4% in 2007. Rural domestic sewage treatment started from scratch, benefiting 289000 farmers in 1728 natural villages. Through pollution interception, pollution control, silt removal, and ecological restoration, the Tongxin River, which Zhao Genbao is deeply concerned about, is now rippling again.

Zero growth of fertilizers and pesticides

"by 2020, the increasing trend of agricultural non-point source pollution must be effectively curbed, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for major crops across the country must achieve zero growth." Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, said.

The problem of water pollution in agricultural and rural areas is prominent, one of the important reasons is the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in serious agricultural non-point source pollution. "unreasonable fertilization and drug use are very common in our country. It is estimated that the average utilization rate of chemical fertilizer in the country is only 35% in the current season, and the annual loss of fertilizer input caused by unreasonable fertilization amounts to 130 billion yuan. " Gao Xiangzhao, director of the Water-saving Agricultural Technology Department of the National Agricultural Technology Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said.

The solution is "two reductions", that is, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Water pollution clearly proposes to promote the pilot experience of subsidies for the use of low-toxic and low-residue pesticides and to carry out green prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests. Zhang Taolin said that the Ministry of Agriculture has launched a zero growth campaign on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

An important way to achieve zero growth of chemical fertilizer is soil testing and formula fertilization. According to the statistics of the National Agricultural Technology Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the area of soil testing and formula fertilization has reached 1.3 billion mu. From 2005 to 2010, China's grain production increased by 80 million tons, vegetable supply by 100 million tons and fruit by 60.6 million tons. According to the current fertilizer utilization rate, it is necessary to increase the application of chemical fertilizer by 19.4 million tons, but due to the promotion of soil testing formula fertilization, the national application rate of chemical fertilizer has increased by only 7.9546 million tons. The soil testing formula 'losing weight' contributes a lot. " Gao Xiangzhao said.

Zero growth of pesticides depends on professional unified control and green control of diseases and insect pests. It is understood that the Ministry of Agriculture will continue to carry out pilot projects of specialized unified defense rule and green prevention and control integration this year. This work focuses on rice, wheat, corn and other crops, and 218 demonstration bases have been established throughout the country. Among them, the demonstration area of each base of rice, wheat and corn is more than 10, 000 mu, and radiation drives 100000 mu; the demonstration area of potato, peanut and cotton is more than 5000 mu, and radiation drives 50, 000 mu; the demonstration area of apple, citrus, vegetable and tea base is more than 2000 mu, and radiation drives 20, 000 mu.

Zhang Taolin said: through the in-depth promotion of professional unified prevention and control and the integration of green prevention and control, effective organizational forms and whole-process technical models suitable for different regions and different crops can be formed, and demonstration will drive large-scale popularization and application. Judging from the practical results in previous years, the use of chemical pesticides in the pilot area has been reduced by more than 20%, the quality of agricultural products is in line with national food safety standards, and the ecological environment and biodiversity have been improved.