The phenomenon of non-grain transfer of land has aroused serious concern.

The logical end point of capital going to the countryside to pay the cost of land rent to transfer land is a more and more serious non-grain operation.

On July 14, the Shaanxi investigation team of the National Bureau of Statistics released the survey results that the phenomenon of "de-grain" of the transferred land in Shaanxi Province was serious, with only 16.7% of the land flowing into households to grow food, and most of them were transferred at low prices. In Chongqing, 855 private enterprises went to the countryside in the past two years, with a total investment of more than 90 billion yuan, of which 70% of the capital was invested in modern agriculture, tourism and other fields.

According to data released by the Department of Economics and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture in June, by the end of 2014, the circulation area of household contracted arable land nationwide had reached 403 million mu, an increase of 18.3 percent over the end of last year, and the proportion used to grow food crops was close to 60 percent.

The "de-grain" of the transferred land is serious.

The urban industrial and commercial capital enters the countryside and transfers the land at the cost of land rent, but compared with the "natural" farmers who own land, their high cost of agricultural production forces them to turn to "non-grain" farming with higher economic benefits.

By the end of 2014, the circulation area of household contracted arable land nationwide had reached 403 million mu, an increase of 18.3% over the end of last year, of which about 10% was transferred to enterprises, and the area of transferred arable land for planting food crops was 229 million mu, accounting for 56.8% of the total.

In fact, in the past three years, the area of contracted land flowing into enterprises has grown at an average annual rate of more than 20%. Large-scale capital "going to the countryside" has obvious advantages and disadvantages.

According to a report in the Guangming Daily in May, Chen Xiaohua, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that judging from the actual operation, the entry of industrial and commercial capital into agriculture has both advantages and disadvantages: on the one hand, industrial and commercial capital can speed up the transformation of traditional agriculture and the construction of modern agriculture; on the other hand, industrial and commercial capital leases agricultural land for a long time and in a large area, it is easy to aggravate the tendency of "non-grain" and "non-agriculture" of cultivated land, and there are many hidden dangers.

The investigation report of the Shaanxi investigation team shows that land transfer does promote the diversification of farmers' income, improve the land utilization rate and output rate, and play a radiating and driving role in the surrounding agriculture, but the increasingly serious "de-grain" will affect the national food security.

"now most people believe that as long as they have money, they are not afraid of not being able to buy food, which has seriously affected the country's food security," Shaanxi investigation team said in a research report. "in order to increase income, only 16.7% of households grow grain. And the land transferred is basically land transferred between farmers, subcontracted by migrant farmers, and transferred at a low price in remote areas."

The Chongqing Federation of Industry and Commerce recently released data, pointing out that a total of 855 private enterprises have "gone to the countryside" since 2013, with a total investment of more than 90 billion yuan, of which 70% of the capital has been invested in modern agriculture, tourism and other fields. According to a report by Chongqing Business Daily on July 15, Peng Guangyuan, vice chairman of the Chongqing Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that the focus of urban capital investment in rural areas is rural farming, new rural construction, rural infrastructure transformation, rural tourism, and so on. More than 70% of urban capital going to the countryside is mainly concentrated in modern agriculture and tourism.

It is necessary to prevent capital from going to the countryside to crowd out small farmers

Since the Central Committee document No. 1 in 2013 proposed to encourage social capital to invest in the construction of new rural areas and to develop farming industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas, the flow of capital to the countryside has accelerated sharply in the past two years.

"in fact, what is most vigilant is that some local governments have adopted the idea of attracting investment and investment to run industry, giving a large number of preferential policies, and even forcibly transferring farmers' land. in order to pursue the so-called 'whole village circulation'," a person from the Ministry of Agriculture told the Daily Economic News. "this results in the combination of industrial and commercial capital and administrative power, not only in the pursuit of economic benefits, it is almost inevitable to slide towards' non-grain'. And squeeze the living space of small farmers.

Under the background of industrialization and urbanization, how to guide the orderly circulation of land, promote the development of modern agriculture and ensure national food security?

According to a report in the Guangming Daily in May this year, "in order to avoid large capital crowding out small farmers in rural areas, avoid large-scale mergers of land, and prevent a large number of farmers from losing their dominant position in management, we must adopt a cautious attitude towards industrial and commercial enterprises leasing land contracted by farmers for a long time and in a large area." Han Jun, deputy director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic leading Group, believes that there is an urgent need to explore and establish a strict access and supervision system for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease farmland to farmers.

According to the opinions on strengthening the Supervision and risk Prevention of Industrial and Commercial Capital Leasing of farmland issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and other four departments in April this year, it is proposed that industrial and commercial capital should enter agriculture, through a variety of ways, such as linking interests and giving priority to the employment of local farmers, we should drive farmers to become rich together, do not exclude farmers, do not replace farmers, and drive new agricultural operators such as large farmers and family farms to develop agricultural industrialization. To achieve a reasonable division of labor, mutual benefit and win-win situation, so that farmers can share more of the value-added benefits of the industry.

In a report in the Guangming Daily in May, Chen Xiaohua, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that in order to guard against the possible risks of industrial and commercial capital leasing agricultural land, the lease of agricultural land should be regulated by the open market. Industrial and commercial capital is strictly prohibited to force farmers to transfer agricultural land through the government or grass-roots organizations through setting targets and setting tasks, and encourage various localities to establish and improve the risk guarantee fund system for leasing agricultural land to prevent damage to the rights and interests of contracted farmers.