Records of orchids in the pre-Qin Dynasty

What is published here is the pre-Qin literature collected by the author during the textual research on what kind of plant Quran is, which is recorded here for researchers' reference. This collection is also hard, and sometimes you can't finish a book in a month. However, there is no firsthand information, and it is irresponsible to assert what the Koran is based on the documents that have been copied back and forth. When you talk about evidence, you also have to talk about evidence. It doesn't depend on anyone's big mouth. Zhu Xi said on the left and Shi Zhen said on the right, but if he didn't actually look at what the pre-Qin people said, it would be hard to avoid blindness.

1. "Guanzi heavy and heavy A" 1 see:

Guan Zi said to him, 'the five officials of Xi Yao have nothing to eat. The monarch asks him to make a sacrifice to the five officials of Yao, offer orchids in spring and collect and fall in autumn. Fish are preserved, and salamanders are salamanders. If this is the case, then the fish will be upright, and there will be no house, millet and cloth. This means that it is set up to pray for good fortune, pushed to be courteous and righteous, but it is self-sufficient, so why ask for it from the people?'"

2. The Book of changes 1 see:

"Department words": "words of one heart are as smelly as blue."

3. The rules in the Book of Rites 1 see:

"the ordinary woman does not dare to return to the private room if she is not ordered to do so. There will be something wrong with the woman, big or small, please be with my aunt. The son-in-law has no private goods, no private animals, no private appliances, does not dare to take private holidays, does not dare to be private with. A woman may give food, clothing, cloth, clothing, and orchids to her aunt, while her aunt will rejoice if she receives a new gift. If she refuses to give it, she will not be ordered. If she is given more, she will hide it and wait for her to be tired. "

4. Liezi 3 see:

① "soup asked": "Bath god, fragrance such as pepper orchid, aroma by ten days is rest." (Shenzhu, the legendary name of water, its water smells better than orchid pepper and tastes like mash. )

② "Yang Zhu": Guan Yiwu said: what you want to hear, what you see, what you want, what you want, what you say, what you want, what you want. The husband's ear hears the sound of those who want to hear, but does not listen to it, which is called Cong Cong (blocking the ear); the nose wants to go to the dried pepper orchid, but does not smell it, which is called shivering (shivering: blocking the nostrils). To say what you want is right and wrong, but not to say it, which is called wisdom. "

③ "Yang Zhu": "thick muscles, urgent muscles, once treated with pilose curtains, recommended with sorghum orchid, heart? Boredom, internal heat is sick. "

5. Confucius Family language 4 see:

① "in Erer": "when the husband meets those who do not meet, the virtuous and unworthy, the gentleman is knowledgeable and resourceful, but does not meet the time, how is it unique?" Zhilan was born in a deep forest, not because there is no one but not fragrant; a gentleman practices morality and does not change his character because of poverty. ("Guodian Chu bamboo slips poor to the time" the remnant bamboo slips have something to do with it, so they are poor but not in the name of □□□, so Mo Zhi Zhi is not stingy. According to the record of □, □□□□ sniffing but not fragrant, according to the textual meaning and the number and position of the missing words, Professor Li Zu of Peking University thinks that this passage is similar to the sentence in Volume 7 of Xunzi Yu Zi and Han Shi Waizhuan. The 10 words missing after "grudging" has been recognized by the academic circles as "Zhilan was born in the valley, not unmanned". The unearthed literature "Poor to the time" can prove that the words "Zhilan was born in a deep forest, not unmanned and unfragrant" in Confucius Jia Yu is based on the words of the pre-Qin Confucianists. In addition, the 10 words added in "Guodian Bamboo slips and Simeng School" published by Professor Liang Tao are "Zhilan was born in the forest, not for others", which is read as "Zhilan was born in the forest, not sniffed but fragrant". This is also another strong evidence of the hypocrisy of the Han Dynasty that Zhilan was born in the forest and is not fragrant with no one. )

② "six Books": "Confucius said, 'after I die, the merchants will become more and more, and the gifts will lose every day.' Zengzi said, 'what is meant by that?' The Master said, 'Merchants are good with those who are virtuous, and those who give good words do not treat themselves as themselves. Do not know his son, regard his father; do not know his person, regard his friend; do not know his king, regard his use; do not know his land, regard his vegetation. Therefore, it is said that good human settlement is like entering the room of Zhilan and not hearing its fragrance for a long time, that is, it will be transformed into it.'"

③ "six books": "in the past three years, Flanben has enjoyed it, but it is easy to eat. It is not the nature of the orchid, so the Zhan is beautiful."

6. Xunzi 5 see:

① "forgive sitting": "Confucius Nan Shi Chu, trapped between Chen Cai, seven days without fire food …"... Confucius said, 'there are so many superior men who are knowledgeable and resourceful when they do not encounter time. Why is there a single hill?' And Fu Zhi Lan was born in the forest, not unmanned and unfragrant. The study of a gentleman is not for the sake of communication, but not for the sake of poverty, but also for the sake of worry, and the mind is not confused at the end of knowing misfortune and happiness. "

② "King system": "people's kiss me, like parents; good me, like Zhilan."

③ "argumentative soldier": "and the husband of the tyrant, who will be the supreme?" What he is with will be his people, and the relatives of his people will be as happy as his parents. He is good to me if I am like a pepper orchid, but if he cares about him, he will burn his neck and hold a grudge. "

④ "Etiquette Theory": "so the etiquette person nourishes, ruminates the rice beam five flavors to mix the fragrance, therefore nourishes the mouth, the pepper orchid fragrance also nourishes the nose, carves and engraves the article so raises the eye, the bell and drum chime piano lute Sheng so nourishes the ear, the sparse house looks more and more in the bed, so the body is nourished."

⑤ "outline": "the orchid jelly book, gradually in the honey, one is easy to wear." Zhengjun is getting used to fragrant wine, but he can get it. When the place of a gentleman is coming, one must be careful. "

7. Wang du Ji 1 see:

"the son of Heaven (cha ng), the princes to smoke, the doctor to Lanzhi, the scholar to Xiao, and the common people to moxa." (according to the textual research of Liu Xiang, the Book of Wang du is similar to what Chunyu Kun said at the time of King Xuan of Qi Dynasty, but it has been lost. The text here is quoted from Zheng Xuan's notes in the Han Dynasty and Zhou Li's notes by Jia Gongyan in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, it is also recorded in the examination of Bai Hu Tongde, and the individual characters are different.

8. "Wenzi Shangde" 3 see:

① "clear for the Ming, a cup of water can see the eyes, turbid for harm, the river does not see Taishan, Lanzhi is not satisfied but not fragrant, the Zhoufu River and the sea does not sink for Mo ride, the gentleman walks the road without knowing, and there is sex."

② "easy to turn, easy to turn, easy to help, wet and easy to rain, Lanzhi to Fang, do not see frost, toad painted soldiers, longevity in May, those who are discouraged are easy to be disabled, and those who are not in time can not be eaten."

③ "the sun and the moon want to be bright, the clouds cover it, the river wants to be clear, the sand is filthy, the orchid wants to repair, the autumn wind fails, the human desire is flat, the desire for harm, the dust but not squint, not clean."

9. "Da Dai Li Ji Zeng Zi Disease" 1 see:

Zengzi said, "traveling with a superior man is like entering the room of Lanzhi. If you don't hear it for a long time, you will melt with it. If you travel with a villain, if you take a loan into the second place of abalone, you will melt with it. Therefore, the superior man is careful where he goes."

10. See Zuo Zhuan 6:

"three years of Xuan Gong": "in Winter, Zheng Mu Gong died. At the beginning, Zheng Wen Gong had a cheap concubine, called Yanyan, Dream Angel and his own Orchid, and said, I was Bo Yu, and I was also the ancestor, so I was the son, and the orchid had the national fragrance, and the people were satisfied with it. Since the Duke of Wen saw it, he defended it with the orchid. He said," the concubine is not talented, lucky to have a son, will not believe, dare to solicit orchid, Gong, Nuo, give birth to Mu Gong, …... The Duke of Mu had a disease. He said, Lan died, and I was dying. So I lived and died. "

11. "the Spring and Autumn Gu Liang Zhaogong eight years" 1 see:

"because of the search and use of martial arts, people with great propriety are also. Alan thought he was on the defensive, he thought he was on the gate, he thought he was covered with GE, he held it by the side of the stream, and those who held it were not allowed to enter. "

12. "Yanzi Zengzi gave it to Yanzi and gave him kind words" 2 see:

"Today, the Flemish book has been made in three years, and the bitter wine of Zhan is not close to the gentleman, but the common people do not admire it. Non-blue is beautiful, so Zhan is also. May you ask for what you want. When the baby hears it, the gentleman will choose his neighbor when he lives, and he will be a scholar when he travels, and he will seek a scholar because of his residence, and he will seek trouble because of that. Babies often change their nature when they hear the news, and they must be careful when their customs change. "

13. "Shan Hai Jing Zhongshan Jing" 1 see:

"another twenty miles to the east is called bitter Mountain. There is an animal Yan, known as mountain ointment, its shape such as, red if Dan fire, good-natured. There is wood on it, which is called yellow thorn, Huang Hua and member leaves, in fact, such as orchid, take it without words. There is grass, leaves but no stem, red and gaudy, the name is no strip, take it without gall. "

14. "Han Feizi stored the following" 1 see:

"Li Ji, the Yan man, was far away, and his wife was private to the scholar, and his wife suffered from it, and his wife said, 'make the prince naked and go straight out, and I don't even notice it.' So the prince hurried out of the door from his plan, and Ji said, 'who is it?' All families say, 'nothing.' Ji said,'do I see the ghost?' The woman said,'of course.' "what can I do for it?" Mencius said, 'take the arrow of the five surnames to take a bath.' Ji said:'no.' It is to take a bath with the arrow. First, take a bath with orchid soup. "

15. Qu Yuan's poems and poems 18 see:

"Lisao" a total of 8 see: "sewing Qiulan", "I not only nourish the nine trees of orchid, but also a hundred mu of trees", "Buyu horse in Langao", "Lanzhi changes but not fragrant, Tsuen Huihua", "faint orchid" and "Yanchi", "you orchid can not be admirably", "Yu Yilan can be relied on, Qiang is unreal and long", and the unveiling car is separated from the river.

"Donghuang Taiyi" 1 see: "Huicai steamed with orchid"

"Yunzhong Jun" 1 see: "Bath Orchid Soup Xi Mu Fang"

"Xiang Jun" 1 see: "Sun Radix Xilan"

"Lady Xiang" 1 see: "Yuan you Zhi Xi Xi you Lan"

"ceremonial Soul" 1 see: "Chunlan Xi Qiuju"

"sad return to the Wind" 1 see: "Lan Zhi Youyou and Dufang"

"Shao Si Ming" 2 see: "Qiu Lan Xi Wu" and "Qiu Lan Xi Qing Qing"

"Shao Si Ming" 1 see: "Green leaves Xi Suhua (a vegetarian branch), Fang Feifei."

"Great move" 1 see: "Zhilan cinnamon tree, Yu (one to say incense, one to say luxuriant) to find a way."

In addition, the "orchid" of "Gui Xi Xi Lan" ("Xiang Jun") and "Gui Dong Bi Lan Yu" ("Madame Xiang") should be the provincial name of "Mulan", not in the list of "Cao Lan".

16. "Hui" is a word coined by qu Yuan. The words of his poems are as follows:

See "Li Sao" 7: "Qi Wei sewing husband Huihu", "correcting fungus cinnamon to sew Huixi", "correcting bacterial cinnamon to sew Huixi", "correcting bacterial cinnamon to sew Huixi", "replacing me with Huisao", "Huihui to cover her tears", "Tsuen Huihua is the best"

See "Nine songs" 4: "Huicai steamed Orchid", "Ficus pumila cypress, Huihui silk", "Huihuixiang" and "lotus clothes".

See "Nine chapters" in 2: "Huan Mulan to correct the Huixi" and "the Shake of grief and return to the Wind"

17. Song Yu's poems "Orchid" are as follows:

"summoning the Soul" a total of 6 see: "the light wind turns to Christine, Chong Lan Xi." "Orchid paste bright candle, Huarong ready", "Orchid paste bright candle, Chinese stirrup wrong", "Orchid thin tree, Qiongmu hedge some", "Jie Zhi Si, Lan Fang false." "Gaolan Pei path". It is debated whether "summoning the Soul" is the work of qu Yuan or Song Yu, but it is certain that they are all works of the late State of Chu. The author includes it in the statistics of Song Yu's works. )

"Goddess Fu" 2 see: "Mu Lanze, including Ruofang."... Say goodbye and the cloud is right, spit fragrance and its Ruolan. "

"Gao Tang Fu" 1 see: "Qiu Lan Xianhui, Jiang Li Zaijing."

"satire Fu" 1 see: "the female wants to buy a courtier, the court is too high, the court is too humble, it is more in the room of the orchid house, stop the minister among them." There is a singing piano in it, and the subject helps and drums it, which is the song of "quiet Orchid" and "Snow". "

18. "Hui" is as follows:

There is a total of "summoning the Soul": "the light wind turns to Christine, and you worship the orchid."

"Nine debates" 1 see: "stealing grieving husband Huihua used to apply"

"Feng Fu" 1 see: "the husband is the sole king of the wind ear, the common people are comfortable to share?"... Hunting Cymbidium, leaving the Qin Dynasty, almost Xinyi. This is called the feminine wind of ordinary people. "

"Gao Tang Fu" 1 see: Qiulan Xianhui, Jiang Li Zaijing.

19. "the Theory of Strange Diseases in the Internal Classic of Huangdi" 1 see:

The emperor said, "if you have a sick mouth, what is the name of the disease and how do you get it?" Qi Bo said: the overflow of these five qi is also called spleen. The husband's entrance of the five flavors is hidden in the stomach, and the spleen conducts its essence, and the body fluid is in the spleen, so it makes the population happy. In the fat, this person must eat sweet and fat, and the fat makes people hot, and the sweet makes people full, so their qi overflows and turns to quench thirst. To cure the orchid is to get rid of the old spirit. "

20. The literature "Xiangma Sutra Daguang Breaking Chapter" unearthed in Mawangdui 1: "there is a moonrise on it, half of it, but at the end of the day. There is a king's platform above and a meeting (fen) Fang below. On the other hand, there is an accumulation of curtains and curtains. The orchid tendons are not only flocking, but also Di Jin Mengshuang; you move when you move, and half cover it. Zhou Cao is hidden, not seen in the side; when the wind comes out of the book, the horse is in order to help. "

21. The characters of Hui in the Classic of Mountains and Seas are as follows:

① 's Xishan Sutra: "320 miles to the west, it is called the mountain of Panzuka, where the Han River flows out of Yan, while the southeast flows in Qiu; the arrogant water flows out of Yan, and the north flows into Tang water. On it, there are many peach branches, many rhinoceros and bears, and more birds than Buckham. There is grass, its leaves such as Hun, its original such as Platycodon grandiflorum, black and flamboyant, called Yirong. Eating makes people childless. "

② 's Xishan Sutra: "another 350 miles to the west, the mountain of the Emperor of Heaven is full of brown wood, and there is much less than Kan Hui."

③ 's West Mountain Classic: "the mountain of the Central Emperor is rich in gold and Huitang below."

④ "Zhong Zi Wushan" contains: "the ascending mountain is full of wood, tussah and thorns, and its grass is dogwood, Hun, and dogwood."

22. "Zheng Shi" 1 see:

"Fang Bingkan (" Kan "or" Fang ") is irrigated by a gentleman and a woman. He was joyful and happy, but the scholar and the woman were joking with each other. "

23. See Confucius in "Ji Lan Cao" 1.

Whether the song was written by Confucius or not does not affect the historical status of the song as pre-Qin music. Because in the early Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong's "Prophet Volume", "Qin Cao" and "Yan Lan" are rhymed with the six words of rain, wild, place, place, and old, as well as the literature evidence of "old 'into the fifth book." However, due to the lack of evidence from the pre-Qin literature, Confucius said that "Lan Dang is the king of incense" in the attached notes of "Li Lan Cao", so Confucius' discussion of the content of Lan Lan was not included in the discussion of pre-Qin content, but "Li Lan Cao". Because Song Yu has the account of "for the secluded Orchid" and "White Snow", the word "Lan Lan" should be included in the analysis of the pre-Qin orchid.

24. "Xia Xiaozheng" 1 see: "five days old, hope is Fu." Start irrigating Polygonum lanceolata. The dove is an eagle. Tang Yiming. In the first faint fire. Boiled plum. Chong Lan. Mummy. "

Collation instructions:

"Zuo Zhuan Xuangong three years" plant orchid appeared six times, but because it is the same paragraph and all have the same content, it is only 1.

"Yanzi Zengzi gave it to Yanzi and gave him kind words." the plant orchid appeared twice, but it was only seen in the same paragraph.

The comments of Confucius and Zengzi recorded in "Confucius Family language" and "Da Dai Li Ji" are recorded and referenced by the pre-Qin documents, so although the two books are collated in the Han Dynasty, the author still classifies the contents reflected in these documents into the pre-Qin analysis.

The Book of Mountains and Seas counted only one place that had been used as "Yi" in the early version, according to the time when the word "Yi" appeared. Although this example appeared in the Book of Mountains and Seas, it was calculated in the Han Dynasty, so this example was not counted in the actual statistics of pre-Qin documents. Because it is difficult to distinguish whether it is an orchid plant, the other words that may describe orchid in Shan Hai Jing are not included in the study of pre-Qin literature.

It is difficult to determine the specific writing time of Huangdi Neijing. It is generally believed in academic circles that it was written by many people between the warring States period and the Qin and Han dynasties, or it may have been handed down by a doctor in the Han Dynasty under the name of Shennong. Therefore, when the author makes statistics, the example of Huangdi Neijing is included in the pre-Qin literature for consideration.