How to apply standardized Fertilizer to Rice

Principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: 1. Balanced fertilization is carried out according to the law of fertilizer requirement of crops, soil nutrient supply and fertilizer effect, and the corresponding fertilizer amount and methods are determined. Based on the principle of the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and the combination of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer, balanced fertilization was realized.

2. Implementing harmless organic fertilizer the organic fertilizer produced by farmers must go through ripening and fermentation, carry out harmless treatment, and kill pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs and weed seeds. The use of industrial wastes, municipal waste and sludge and farm fertilizers that do not meet the harmless targets are prohibited.

3. In order to implement the compound and special application of inorganic fertilizer, the selection of fertilizer types should meet the fertilizer variety and quality requirements stipulated in the fertilizer quality standards, and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers and various crop-specific compound fertilizers should be selected as far as possible.

Standardized fertilization techniques for Rice

In fertilization, we should re-apply base fertilizer, early topdressing tiller fertilizer, skillfully use Hui fertilizer, and supplement grain fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer application was based on the standard of nitrogen fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was used to determine the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 225,300kg urea was applied per hectare. After determining the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was determined according to the amount of nitrogen ∶ phosphorus ∶ potassium = 1 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 0.3 × 0.5.

The main results are as follows: 1. the preparation of seedling bed soil applies 1015kg of high-quality mature agricultural fertilizer and 0.125 kg of strong seedling nutrition agent per square meter of bed soil, which is evenly mixed with the prepared sifted bed soil. the thickness of bed soil is about 10 cm, and the PH value is 4.5-5.5.

2. When it is found that the seedlings are de-fertilized during the 2.5-leaf period of topdressing in the seedling bed, 1.5 grams of ammonium sulfate per square meter, 0.25 grams of zinc sulfate and 100 times dilution are sprayed on the leaves, and then rinse the leaves with clean water in time after spraying. Six days before raising seedlings, 150 grams of diammonium phosphate per square meter were sprinkled. After topdressing, the seedlings were washed with clean water.

3. Honda fertilizes more farm manure and less chemical fertilizer. 30 tons of rotten organic fertilizer per hectare, combined with dry harrowing land, 112.5-150 kg diammonium phosphate, 75 kg potassium sulfate per hectare, combined with water for soil preparation.

4. The principle of topdressing rice: full tiller, stable panicle and grain diameter.

After transplanting rice seedlings with tillering fertilizer, urea was applied 50-75 kg per hectare before tillering.

Panicle fertilizer was applied at the initial stage of jointing, 50-75 kg urea and 50-75 kg potassium sulfate per hectare. The application of potassium fertilizer can increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, promote early maturity, enhance disease resistance and lodging resistance.

Grain fertilizer was applied before heading, urea 15,22.5 kg per hectare. Although the amount of nitrogen uptake decreased after heading, if the soil nitrogen supply was insufficient, the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves would be reduced, and proper application of grain fertilizer could prevent premature senescence of roots and leaves.

Extra-root topdressing if there is no zinc fertilizer, it can be foliar supplemented with 0.2% aqueous solution of 50 grams of 100 grams of zinc sulfate at the tillering stage. Leaf spraying with liquid fertilizer containing silicon and selenium can enhance the disease resistance of rice, mature earlier, improve the taste and nutritional quality of rice, and increase the commercial value. Spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other liquid fertilizers during the full heading-filling period can prolong the survival rate of functional leaves in the later growth stage, accelerate grain filling rate, reduce empty grain rate, increase 1000-grain weight, and play a certain role in preventing delayed chilling injury.

Four points for attention in fertilization of Rice

First, we should pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer contains various nutrients, which can improve the characteristics of soil ventilation, fertilizer absorption and water retention, promote the steady growth of rice plants, and obtain high yield and good quality. Organic manure is mainly used as base fertilizer, with 40 kilograms of rotten soil and 40 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu, and 40 tons of human and animal manure before ploughing and watering.

Second, we should pay attention to controlling nitrogen fertilizer. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to rice will not only increase ineffective components, turn green, lodge, aggravate diseases and insect pests, lead to more empty chaff grains, decrease seed setting rate, and affect rice yield. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used as topdressing. For the first time, 7kg of urea was applied per mu after rice planting, and the second was combined with ploughing 15 days after planting, and 5kg of urea was applied per mu to promote strong tillers. In the middle stage, attention should be paid to drainage and fertilizer control, and only some balanced fertilizer should be applied to the second and third types of seedlings with poor growth, and in the later stage, the seedlings should be supplied with 3Mel 4kg of grain fertilizer.

Third, we should pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can enhance plant vitality, promote nutrient synthesis and transport, strengthen photosynthesis, prolong the functional period of leaves, make grains full and increase yield. Phosphate fertilizer is suitable for base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is better for topdressing. In the fields with sufficient organic fertilizer, the basal application of phosphate fertilizer is 20ml / mu, and potassium chloride is 3.5 / mu and 5kg / mu before tillering. Spraying flower and fruit doctor fruit in the later stage of rice can promote grain filling and fruiting. It was sprayed once at the late stage of heading and flowering stage and at the filling stage, with 50m / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of 100g / mu and 50m / m of water of 60kg in the evening.

Fourth, we should pay attention to the application of micro-fertilizer. Zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer can not only improve the oxygen supply of rice roots, enhance the stress and lodging resistance of rice plants, improve the disease resistance of rice plants, promote root development in the later stage, prolong the functional period of leaves, and prevent premature senescence, but also accelerate flower development and increase the number of pollens. Promoting flower germination is beneficial to improve the panicle rate of rice, but also promote large grains per panicle, increase seed setting rate and grain plumpness, and increase rice yield.

In the optimized formula fertilization of rice, people often attach great importance to the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, but ignore the application of silicon, zinc and other elements.

In fact, rice is a crop that absorbs more silicon. Generally, stems and leaves contain 10-20% silicon dioxide. The content of silicic acid in rice is about 10 times that of nitrogen and 20 times that of phosphorus. Silicon deficiency in rice can easily lead to slender and weak stems, lodging and disease infection. Silicon deficiency in the early stage reduces the number of spikelets, while silicon deficiency in the later stage reduces the number of spikelets, so there is no guarantee for high quality and high yield of rice. The application of silicon fertilizer to rice can enhance the resistance to diseases and insect pests and lodging resistance, improve plant type, increase light energy use efficiency, reduce leaf transpiration water loss and improve water use efficiency. Generally, the yield can be increased by more than 10%, and the quality of rice can be improved. Especially in newly improved paddy field, cold soaked field and acid soil, the effect of applying silicon fertilizer to rice is more obvious.

Rice is very sensitive to zinc, zinc deficiency will lead to slow leaf emergence, short and narrow new leaves, light leaf color, especially near the basal midrib, serious plants are obviously dwarfed and clustered, few tillers, the field is often uneven, the root system of rice plant is old and brown, the "raising flower does not harvest" appears at the heading stage, the yield is generally reduced by 1-30%, and the serious field even destroys the seedling. The results of large area experiment showed that after reasonable application of zinc, the plant height, the number of effective tillers, the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased, but the empty grain rate decreased, and the yield could be increased by more than 15%. Especially in acid soil, calcareous soil, cold soaking field and newly improved paddy field, the effect of applying zinc fertilizer is more obvious.

1. The application of silicon fertilizer: silicate containing calcium and magnesium is mostly used as silicon fertilizer, and mixed with other fertilizers when applying base fertilizer, the amount of available silicon per mu is 1 kg.

2. The application of zinc fertilizer: it is generally recommended to use 1 kg zinc sulfate per mu (1 mu = 1/15ha) mixed with other chemical fertilizers, as well as extra-root fertilization, soil topdressing and seed treatment, etc. The common concentration of extra-root topdressing is 0.3% zinc sulfate solution, and the late topdressing is about 500 grams of zinc sulfate, all of which are carried out after the appearance of zinc deficiency symptoms or at the end of tillering, and the seed treatment can be soaked in 0.1% zinc sulfate solution for 24 hours.