The latest course of High-yield planting techniques of Wheat

Wheat is the general name of wheat plants, is a kind of Gramineae plant widely planted all over the world, originated in the Middle East fertile soil (Levant) region, is one of the earliest cultivated crops, wheat caryopsis is one of the staple foods of human beings, after grinding into flour can be made into bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and other food; fermentation can be made into beer, alcohol, vodka, or biofuel. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin An and vitamin C.

Wheat is one of the three major cereals, the yield is almost entirely edible, and only about 1/6 is used as feed. In 2010, wheat was the second largest food crop in the world (651 million tons), second only to corn (844 million tons).

Fertilizer requirement characteristics of wheat

1. Nitrogen is a component of cell protoplasm and chlorophyll. Sufficient nitrogen can promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves, increase the leaf area and the accumulation of organic matter. Nitrogen application during the differentiation of pistil and stamen of young panicle could reduce the sterile floret and increase the number of grains.

2. Phosphorus is an important component of the nucleus and participates in the synthesis of cells and the normal metabolism of sugar and nitrogen. Wheat is sensitive to phosphorus, phosphorus deficiency will inhibit root development, reduce tillers, leaves dark green purple, delayed ripening, and finally lead to the decrease of grain weight and poor quality.

3. Potassium can improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, increase the content of cellulose and lignin in the body, and make the stem tough and resistant to lodging. Ensuring the supply of potash fertilizer can also improve leaf water potential and leaf water holding capacity, and significantly enhance the effect of drought resistance.

Cultivation techniques

1. Select excellent varieties

This year, the improved variety subsidy program has promoted three winter wheat varieties with high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance: Jimai 22, Tainong 18 and Xiaomai 18, which can be used selectively by the masses.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

The principle is to stabilize nitrogen, increase phosphorus, supplement potassium and micro-fertilizer on the basis of increasing the application of organic fertilizer. Generally apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, about 40 kg of formula fertilizer; 1 kg of zinc sulfate, spread evenly before soil preparation, and turn deep into the soil in time.

3. Fine land preparation

The quality of land preparation is directly related to the quality of sowing. Often use rotary tillage or no-tillage machine sowing plots, more than 3 years must be turned deep once (about 25 cm); straw directly returned to the field of straw should be fine crushed, clear of over-long broken straw, 1 mu of straw returned to the field 2 mu, soil preparation to rake the land, rake thoroughly, so that the depth of the plough layer is consistent, topsoil fine shredded, to achieve the standard of virtual and solid, no light and dark bumpy, flat ground, no stubble.

4. Seed treatment

Unmixed seeds should be treated to control diseases and insect pests, high-quality seed coating agents can be selected or seeds can be mixed with a single agent, and seeds can be treated with diniconazole, dofedione or carbendazim at 0.2% of the seed amount. 3911 or phoxim 1.5% of the seed amount can be used for the control of underground pests.

5. Sowing at the right time

The suitable sowing date is October 5-13, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, the late sowing plot increases the sowing amount appropriately, and the average row spacing of wheat is 22.5 cm. After sowing, compacted with stone to preserve moisture, in order to facilitate the emergence of wheat seedlings. The sowing amount of straw returned to the field was increased by 1.5 kg.

6. Water and fertilizer before winter and spring

Water and fertilizer before winter is an important measure to ensure that wheat can survive the winter smoothly and prevent frost and drought in early spring. When the relative water content of the soil is more than 65% before winter, it can be irrigated with anti-freezing water, and when it is less than 65%, it is necessary to pour frozen water, and after pouring, hoe and loosen the soil in time, so as to prevent the ground from cracking, ventilating and injuring roots, resulting in dead seedlings. The plots with poor soil fertility should be fertilized twice after winter. for the first time in the green stage of wheat, you can choose the formula fertilizer with a total content of ≥ 40% (35-0-5) or urea, 20 kg per mu; topdressing the second booting fertilizer at booting, 7-8 kg urea can be applied. In the middle and high yield fields, the topdressing time should be moved to the jointing stage, and the formula fertilizer or urea with a total content of ≥ 40% (35-0-5) or urea should be selected, 20-25 kg per mu. Timely watering up water, drawing water and grouting water.

7. Chemical weeding and chemical control of wheat field

Before jointing, wheat has the strongest drug resistance, and chemical control agents such as Maicaojing can be used for chemical weeding, and chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol can be used to prevent overgrowth and lodging of wheat. The above medicament should be banned when the temperature is too low, so as not to affect the effect, and stop using it after jointing stage to avoid drug damage and affect the fruiting of wheat.

8. Extra-root topdressing

The root absorption capacity of wheat is getting worse and worse in the later stage, so foliar fertilization can be carried out in time at flowering stage to promote plant health, enhance leaf light and ability, and improve wheat disease resistance and dry and hot wind resistance. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and zinc sulfate can be foliar sprayed again every 7 days.