The latest course of organic rice planting techniques and methods

Organic rice does not use chemical synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators and other substances, but follows the laws of nature and ecological principles, using a series of sustainable development of agricultural technology to maintain a sustained and stable agricultural growth process. Planting organic rice has significant ecological, economic and social benefits. It can reduce land erosion, reduce environmental pollution caused by pesticides and chemical fertilizers, protect the agricultural environment and increase the income of producers. Provide natural pollution-free and pollution-free rice to the society. Meet people's needs and improve human health.

Planting conditions of organic rice

1. Soil management

By adopting the technology of returning straw to the field, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and deep and shallow tillage and other measures to activate the soil plough layer and create a favorable growth environment for organic rice.

2. Nutrient management

In order to arrange fertilization according to the law of nutrient demand of rice, organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer. at the same time, attention should be paid to the application of seed fertilizer and foliar topdressing to supplement nutrition in the period of nutrient demand for growth.

3. Plant protection

The seeds of rice can be soaked with organic biological agents before sowing to prevent and control diseases at seedling stage. When diseases occur during the growing period, biological pesticides should be selected for control. at the same time, foliar bacterial fertilizer can be applied to improve the resistance of rice and prevent the further spread of diseases and insect pests.

Artificial weeding can be used to control weeds in paddy fields, and the use of chemicals can be eliminated.

Organic rice planting technology

1. Parcel selection

The selection of plots is very important in the process of organic rice planting. The soil environment of the selected plots must meet the national GBl5618-1995 first-class standard, the air condition meets the national first-class quality standard, and the water quality meets the third-class standard of surface water environment GB5084-92.

The planting plots of organic rice are generally selected in the plots with good fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation and natural isolation from other plots, and the cultivation of organic rice is prohibited in the nearby land with pollution sources.

2. Variety selection

In the process of organic rice cultivation, variety selection is very important. the production of organic rice should choose varieties with medium maturity, strong resistance, wide adaptability, high and stable yield. Seeds must be screened, full, neat, weed-free, disease-free and pest-free.

3. Seedling raising technology

Before sowing rice seeds must be dried and selected in salt water, and then soaked with 1% quicklime to avoid carrying bacteria. The bed surface of the seedling bed is ploughed over 10cm to ensure that the soil of the bed is flat and fine, and the width of the bed is generally 1.8m-2.2m.

The basic fertilizer of nursery bed is generally fertilized with high quality organic fertilizer 7.5-10kg/m2 and mixed with seedbed soil. When the temperature was 5 ℃, the seeding and seedling raising began.

The amount of sowing varies with different sowing methods, and the amount of seeds used in conventional seedling raising is generally 1 759 seeds / m2. The seedling raising with plastic film drilling is 2509 grains / m2. The number of seedlings raised in nutrition bowl is 709 grains per plate.

4. Transplanting rice seedlings

Before transplanting rice seedlings, we must make preparations and first prepare the fields in advance. It is best to irrigate the field in advance to promote the germination and growth of weed seeds, and then mechanically rake the ground to remove the weeds that have already grown. After finishing in the field, rice seedlings can be planted when the temperature is stable over 12 ℃.

The planting density of rice in the field should be reasonable to ensure the quality of seedlings, and transplanting should be shallow, straight, uniform, stable and sufficient.

5. Seedling field management

The key point of rice seedling field management is to adjust temperature and control water. In order to make the seedling grow slowly and healthily, it is necessary to grasp the critical temperature of seedling growth, the rice root is 12 ℃ and the rice leaf is 15 ℃, and stop growing below this temperature.

The suitable temperature for seedling growth is generally 22-25 ℃, which is the temperature with exuberant assimilation. In the range of suitable temperature, at a lower temperature, especially when the stem growth point is at a lower temperature, the seedling growth is robust, the dry weight is high, and the plumpness (dry weight / plant height ratio) is high. The temperature in the seedling stage is too high, often at about 30 ℃, the seedlings will grow too long, the seedlings will be thin and tall, the dry weight is small, the plumpness is low, and the root system is underdeveloped. The temperature in seedling stage is too low, often below 10 ℃, and albino seedlings and bacterial wilt are easy to occur.

Rice seedlings grow and develop fastest at 0:00-7: 00:00, and the seedbed temperature (15-28 ℃) must be ensured to promote seedling growth. Pay attention to the temperature difference between day and night, should not be too high during the day, should be properly reduced at night, which is conducive to the slow and healthy growth of seedlings. The dry seedling must be well controlled, the soil moisture is low, the xerophytic root system is developed, the aboveground growth is slow, and the suitable age strong seedling with xerophytic root, wide stem base, early overweight, plant height standard and non-drooping leaves is bred.

Organic rice field management

1. Soil fertilization

The technology of returning straw to the field can be used to fertilize the soil, that is, when the mechanical harvest is carried out in autumn, the straw and straw will be fully chopped and scattered evenly in the field, and then turned deeply to mix the straw and straw with the soil. And fully mature farm manure was applied as the base before rotary tillage.

2. Honda weeding

Soaking the Honda field can take the way of flood irrigation, which can bleach the weed seeds from the soil. Generally, about 15 days before transplanting, Honda is ploughed and flooded to kill the old weeds in the field, and 2-3 days before transplanting, Honda is ploughed again to kill sprouting weeds. The sprouting weeds found in the growth process of rice should be pulled out manually in time.

3. Water management

The technology of shallow-wet-dry intermittent irrigation was adopted before young panicle differentiation to heading, and shallow water moist irrigation after heading to promote root growth. The temperature-increasing irrigation technology is adopted in the well irrigation area to avoid the well water entering the field directly. It is necessary to cut weeds on the ridge of the field and remove the ears of barnyardgrass in the field, which can not only control diseases and insect pests, but also ensure that the sun shines directly on the water surface and raise the water temperature.

At the same time, the water should be cut off early in time to promote maturity. In general, the water can be stopped in the yellow mature period (after 30 days), the depression can be discharged early, and the leaking area can be discharged later.

4. Disease control

The common diseases of rice are evil seedling disease, rice blast, sheath blight and rice false smut. The resistance of plants can be enhanced by cultivating strong seedlings, reasonable close planting, scientific regulation of fertilizer and water, timely shelving of fields, control of peak seedlings and so on, so as to fundamentally control the occurrence of diseases.

5. Pest control

The common pests that damage rice are rice weevil, rice thrips, rice planthopper and borer.

① agricultural control: the first choice for pest control of organic rice is agricultural control, which can enhance the resistance of rice by strengthening field management.

② physical control: refers to the pest control method of using frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp to trap and kill phototaxis pests in the process of rice cultivation.

③ biological control: biological pesticides and botanical pesticides approved by organic certification bodies are selected to control the base number of field pests. Using existing natural enemies) to control the population of insect pests.