The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Oat

Oat is an annual plant belonging to the genus Oats of Gramineae. It is called brome and wild wheat in Compendium of Materia Medica. It belongs to small grains. Grain is used for flour grinding or feed. It has high nutritional value. It is recognized as functional food by FDA of the United States. It has the effect of lowering cholesterol and stabilizing blood sugar. It has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the cultivation technology of oat together.

Oat cultivation environment

1, temperature: oats like cool but not cold, temperate north is most suitable for planting, seeds can germinate at 2~-4 ℃, seedlings can withstand-2~-4℃ low temperature environment, in wheat crops is the most cold-resistant one. In northern and northwestern China, winter is cold and sowing can only be done in spring. In southern China, autumn sowing can be done, but it must mature before summer heat comes.

2, water: oat grows in the cold desert area, but the seed germination needs about 65% of its own weight of water, transpiration coefficient is higher than barley and wheat, consumption of water is also more, such as insufficient water during the growth period, often so that the grain is not full and the yield is reduced. So oats often have roots about a meter long to absorb more water.

3, soil: oats in excellent cultivation conditions, all kinds of texture of soil can get a good harvest, but rich in humus wet soil is the best, the ability to adapt to acid soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but not suitable for saline-alkali soil cultivation.

Oat Sowing Technique

1. Seed treatment: choose sunny and windless weather before sowing oats. The seeds are diluted to 2 - 3 cm thick and sunned for 3 - 5 days. Sunning seeds can promote early germination of seeds, improve germination rate, early emergence, and ultraviolet rays in the sun kill germs on seed epidermis, which can alleviate diseases. Seed dressing with 0.2% of seed or carbendazim to prevent oat head smut, rust, etc. Phoxim or carbofuran can also be used in areas with serious underground pests.

2, sowing time: early spring soil thaw about 10 cm can be sown. The suitable sowing time of oats is from March 25 to April 15, and the best sowing time is around Qingming, and the latest is not more than grain rain. According to the precipitation, sowing is especially critical, and catching seedlings is a main measure for high yield of dry oat.

3. Sowing method: Oat is best sown mechanically or by artificial ditching, not broadcast. The row spacing of drilling is 15~20 cm, and the depth is 3~5 cm. It is appropriate to prevent replanting and missing sowing. The depth of planting should be consistent. The sowing should be uniform. After sowing, the soil should be closely combined with the seeds to prevent air leakage and germination. The sowing amount per mu is 10~15 kg, and the seed harvest can be reduced.

Field management of oats

1, loose soil weeding: oats before emergence if rain and snow, to timely light, break hardening. Weed 2~3 times in the whole growth period, tillage and loosening weeding in the three-leaf period, early and shallow weeding, increasing ground temperature, reducing water evaporation, promoting early rooting, fast rooting and preserving seedlings. Weed twice before jointing and remove weeds in time at middle and late stages. Planting area is not large, can choose artificial weeding. Chemical herbicide can be used when planting area is large, and 72% 2,4-D butyl ester 60ml/mu or 75% giant star dry suspension agent 1- 2g/mu can be evenly sprayed in sunny day, no wind and no dew at three-leaf stage.

2. Irrigation and fertilization: Oat tillering and jointing stage combined with irrigation and topdressing 25 kg ammonium sulfate per mu, dry land should be topdressed with rain. During the flowering and filling period of oats, 0.2~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be mixed with 20% urea solution for topdressing, spraying 70kg of liquid medicine per mu, spraying again after 7 days to promote filling, timely topdressing foliar fertilizer, and increasing grain weight. If there are irrigation conditions, in case of spring drought, irrigate once from trifoliate stage to tillering stage and once at filling stage.

3. Harvest and storage: oats can be mowed twice from jointing to flowering as green fodder. The first time cutting at 50~60 cm plant height, stubble 5-6 cm, every 30~40 days the second time cutting, no stubble. Oat silage can be harvested from heading to waxy ripening, or early in ripening if whole oats silage with mature seeds is required. The oats are harvested at the wax ripening stage.