The latest planting time of oats

Oat is a kind of grain and forage crop with high nutritional value. It is divided into two types: Lemma type (that is, skin oat) and naked oat. It not only has a higher protein content than other cereal crops, but also is an excellent forage grass that can not be replaced in arid and semi-arid areas. Its feeding value is also higher than that of other crops and has a very high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting time of oats.

Planting time of oats

The planting time of oats varies from region to region. North, northwest and northeast China are spring sowing areas with a growth period of 80,115 days. The southwest is a winter sowing area with a growth period of 230 to 245 days. Oats need more water, and the main producing areas of our country belong to dry farming areas, so it is very important to store water and preserve soil moisture through early autumn ploughing, raking, harrowing, suppression and so on.

Planting environment of oat

1. Temperature: oats like cool but not cold-tolerant. The north of temperate zone is the most suitable for planting. Seeds can germinate at 2-4 ℃, and seedlings can withstand the low temperature of-2-4 ℃. Oats are the most hardy among wheat crops. In northern and northwestern China, the winter is cold and can only be sown in spring, while in the south, it can be sown in autumn, but it must mature before the high temperature in summer.

2. Moisture: oats grow in alpine desert areas, but when seeds germinate, they need about 65% water equivalent to their own weight, the transpiration coefficient is higher than barley and wheat, and they consume more water. If there is not enough water during the growth period, the grain is often not full and the yield is reduced. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often about one meter long in order to absorb more water.

3. Soil: under excellent cultivation conditions, oats can get a good harvest on all kinds of texture soil, but the humus-rich wet soil is the best, and its adaptability to acid soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but it is not suitable for saline-alkali soil cultivation.

Sowing method of Oat

1. Seed treatment: choose sunny and windless weather before oat sowing. Spread the seeds 2-3 cm thick and dry them for 3-5 days. Drying seeds can promote early germination, improve germination rate, early emergence of seedlings, and ultraviolet light in the sun can kill germs on the seed epidermis and reduce diseases. Seed dressing with 0.2% seed or carbendazim to prevent oat head smut, rust, etc., and phoxim or carbofuran can also be used in areas with serious underground pests.

2. Sowing time: sowing can be done when the soil is thawed about 10 cm in early spring. The suitable sowing time of oat is from March 25th to April 15th, the best sowing time is around Qingming Festival, and the latest should not exceed Grain Rain. According to the situation of precipitation, it is particularly important to sow seeds in soil moisture, and catching seedlings is a main measure for high yield of oats in dry land.

3. Sowing method: it is better to sow oats by mechanical sowing or artificial trenching, not sowing. The row spacing of strip sowing is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 3-5 cm. It is appropriate to prevent resowing and missed sowing. The depth of the seed should be the same and the sowing should be uniform. After sowing, the soil and seeds should be closely combined to prevent air leakage and sprouting. The sowing rate is 10-15 kg per mu, and the grain harvest can be reduced.

Field management of oat

1. Loosen the soil reasonably: if there is rain and snow before oat emergence, it should be lightened in time to break the hardening.

2. Timely weeding: weeding 2 or 3 times in the whole growth period, ploughing and loosening soil in the three-leaf period, early and shallow weeding, raising soil temperature, reducing water evaporation, promoting early rooting, fast rooting, and preserving seedlings. Weeding was carried out twice before jointing, and weeds should be removed in time in the middle and later stages. The planting area is small, so manual weeding can be selected. Chemical herbicides can be used when the planting area is large, and 72% butyl ester EC 60ml / mu or 75% giant star dry suspending agent 1g / mu can be sprayed evenly in sunny days, no wind and no dew.

3. Fertilization management: at the tillering and jointing stage, 25 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu should be applied combined with irrigation, and the dry land should be fertilized with rain. During the flowering and filling stage of oats, 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution was used, mixed with 20% urea solution, 70 kg per mu of spraying solution, and then sprayed again after 7 days to promote grain filling, timely topdressing foliar fertilizer to increase grain weight.

4. timely irrigation: where there are irrigation conditions, in case of spring drought, irrigate once from the three-leaf stage to the tillering stage of oats and once at the filling stage.

5. Pest control: the common diseases and insect pests of oats are hard smut, rust, red leaf disease, golden needle worm, grub, mole cricket, aphids, armyworm, locust and so on. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests adhere to the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control". According to the basic principle of integrated pest control, disease-resistant (tolerant) varieties are mainly adopted. Comprehensive control measures with emphasis on cultivation control and organic combination of physical and chemical control.