Improve the credit information system to solve the "loan difficulty" in rural areas

Rural credit information system is an important part of social credit system. "loan difficulty" occurs frequently in rural areas of our country, which is closely related to the lag of rural credit environment construction. In order to solve the "loan difficulty" in rural areas as soon as possible, we must speed up the construction of credit system and gradually realize the integration of credit between urban and rural areas.

According to media reports, by the end of May 2015, 18 counties (cities and districts) in Guangdong Province (except Shenzhen) had started the construction of credit villages, with an investment of 15.07 million yuan, and more than 1 million peasant household information had been entered into the credit center. According to the deployment of the Guangdong provincial government, the relevant departments plan to achieve full coverage of rural basic financial services, business and population in three to five years. This indicates that the framework of Guangdong rural credit system is gradually clear, walking in the forefront of the national rural credit system construction.

According to the modern financial intermediary theory, information production is an important function of banks. As an important part of the social credit system, the rural credit system is an important part of the financial ecological chain. Unlike cities, credit business in rural areas must rely on a lot of "soft information". For a long time, there have been frequent "loan difficulties" in China's rural areas, which is not only related to the high threshold of bank loans, but also closely related to the insufficient supply of information and the lag of rural credit environment construction. Due to the lack of normal information channels, banks can not grasp the credit data of farmers in time, and usually cherish loans in order to avoid credit risk. Therefore, improving the rural credit information system is of far-reaching significance to solve the "chronic disease" of the difficulty of rural loans and to improve the ecological environment of rural finance.

The state attaches great importance to the construction of the credit system and has started the top-level design from the national level. By the end of April 2015, the credit information system of the central bank included 860 million natural persons, 20.68 million enterprises and other organizations, 360 million natural persons with credit records and 10.23 million business organizations with loan cards. At the beginning of this year, the central bank issued the Circular on preparing for personal Credit reporting, requiring eight institutions, including China Integrity International Credit rating Co., Ltd., and Sesame Credit, to make good preparations for personal credit reporting. However, at present, only the Central Bank of China has established a credit information system, and the source of collecting information is mainly from banks, which is far from being fully covered, and many citizens and organizations are still in a state of no credit history. Especially in rural areas, due to the weak basis of credit information, it is difficult to collect, sort out, approve, evaluate and query rural credit information. the basic work such as the rural model of credit information, the protection of farmers' privacy, the security of agriculture-related data, the sharing and exchange of credit information, and credit products and services in line with the reality of rural areas are still very lacking. This leads to a series of problems, such as lack of credit, imperfect punishment mechanism for breach of faith, obvious gap in the construction of urban and rural credit system and so on.

This shows that it takes a long time for the credit information system to be fully implemented from the top-level design, and a lot of basic work needs to be done. Especially in rural areas, if we want to solve the rural "loan difficulty" as soon as possible and promote the sustainable development of rural finance, we must speed up the construction of credit system and gradually realize the integration of credit between urban and rural areas. Therefore, in the future, the construction of rural credit information system should strengthen the work in the following aspects:

First, speed up the construction of a unified credit platform. We should build a unified credit data platform as soon as possible, strengthen the development of supporting software systems for rural financial institutions, strengthen contacts and information sharing in the field of credit information, and establish a unified credit evaluation index system suitable for the whole country, so as to form a credit information network with multi-channels, full coverage of citizen organizations and inquiry of information classification.

Second, increase the professional strength engaged in credit information. The subjects of credit investigation should cover rural financial institutions such as Agricultural Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, rural commercial banks, rural credit cooperatives and postal savings institutions, strengthen the activities of rural credit investigation, draw lessons from advanced experience, set up credit information posts, strengthen the collection, investigation, arrangement and preservation of original information in strict accordance with relevant regulations, and establish and improve their own credit evaluation system.

Third, link the credit information system with the credit reward and punishment system. Local governments should formulate some local credit management regulations or specific measures suitable for the particularity of the rural financial market. These regulations or measures are linked to the credit information system in terms of administrative examination and approval, government support, market access, qualification, and so on. For example, for farmers who break their promises, once the "record of dishonesty" reaches a certain standard, they will not only be unable to enjoy the corresponding financial subsidies for planting and breeding, but also cancel the qualification to initiate the establishment of farmers' professional cooperatives and set up family farms. For trustworthy farmers, they can get preferential terms of credit funds, including the qualification to obtain loans, the level of interest rates and the procedures for handling loans, as the "welfare" of honest farmers. In this way, farmers can really attach importance to the credit system and speed up the construction of the credit system.

To do a good job of rural credit investigation requires the joint efforts of the government, the market, and social organizations, and through purposeful and conscious training of all parties, farmers can form the habit of providing credit information consciously and actively, so as to improve the overall social credit level in rural areas, so as to lay a solid foundation for improving the quality of rural civilization and farmers in the future.