Grasp the key of new urbanization

Compared with traditional urbanization, the new type of urbanization emphasizes people-oriented and sustainable development. People-oriented means that the new type of urbanization should focus on the core factor of "people" and strive to promote human urbanization; sustainable development requires long-term, overall improvement of the economic carrying capacity, social carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity of cities and towns. In order to promote the new urbanization on these two basic points, we should focus on the following four issues.

The key mechanism. Among the basic factors that affect and even determine urbanization, the transformation of industrial structure is the dynamic mechanism of urbanization, the flow, agglomeration and integration of economic elements are the realization mechanism of urbanization, and the relevant institutional arrangements and reforms are the guarantee mechanism of urbanization. the supply of resources and environment is the restraint mechanism of urbanization. Among them, the implementation mechanism is the key mechanism. The transfer and flow of economic factors caused by the transformation of industrial structure can achieve scale agglomeration and optimal combination, and the result is the real development of urbanization.

Key factors. Corresponding to the key mechanism of the new urbanization, "people" and "money" are the two key factors of the new urbanization. "people" is not only the core factor of the new urbanization, but also the main body of the new urbanization. At present, the issues that need to be paid attention to and studied include: first, the study of the main body of urbanization (rural transferred population), including the differentiation of subgroups, the environmental conditions of inflow, and so on. The second is the practical problems faced by the citizenization of agricultural transferred population, such as "explicit household registration wall", "recessive household registration wall" and double "household registration wall shielding"; "three-link obstruction" of rural exit, urban entry and urban integration; "four major capital deficiencies" of financial capital, human capital, social capital and right capital, etc. The third is the difference and mismatch between the willingness and ability of citizenization of agricultural transfer population and different sub-groups of transfer population. "money" is not only the bottleneck of the new type of urbanization, but also the most critical "hard" capital shortage faced by the citizenization of agricultural transfer population. The "money" here refers to the capital cost of the citizenization of agricultural transfer population in the process of new urbanization, including the individual cost of citizenization at the micro level, the social cost of citizenization at the macro level and its allocation and financing.

The key link. The urbanization of agricultural population generally includes three links: rural withdrawal, urban entry and urban integration. Since the 1990s, urban integration has become a key link restricting the stable and healthy development of the new type of urbanization. The urban integration of potential citizens includes three progressive levels: economic integration, social integration and political integration, while economic integration is the basic and decisive level. The fundamental reason for restricting economic integration is the lack of the ability of the agricultural transfer population to bear the cost of citizenization, as well as the serious lack of the government's ability to provide public goods and social security for potential citizens. "money" is the key bottleneck factor, and the link with the greatest demand for "money" and the largest supply gap is the integration of cities and towns. Specifically, the key issues of the key links include: unequal employment opportunities and remuneration in the labor market, different opportunities for public goods in household registration rights and interests, and gaps in the coverage and level of social security. the process of listing and privatization of life style lags behind, there are obstacles to urban acceptance and integration in social identity, and there is a lack of access to upward development in the development space.

Key reforms. Centering on the four difficult problems of "where do people go", "where does the money come from", "how to distribute space" and "how to build and manage cities and towns", it is necessary to strengthen top-level design and research to reasonably promote the reform of household registration and population management system, land circulation and expropriation system, employment system, public service system, urban investment and financing system and fiscal and taxation system with the concept of market economy. This is because only the above-mentioned institutional arrangements and institutional dividends based on the market mechanism can solve the constraints of key factors such as "people" and "money" in the process of urbanization in big developing countries, and then promote the coordinated development of new urbanization and new industrialization, informatization, agricultural modernization and greening.