The Evolution from traditional farming to Modern Agriculture

Yu Jianbin, who is over 50 years old and has not even been to the provincial capital once or twice, would never have expected that after moving out of the mountains of Shanyang County, his life had not only improved, but his own noodles could be sold thousands of miles away. This year, Yu Jianbin sold the noodles to Zhejiang and Shanghai through the agricultural products e-commerce platform built in the county.

Shaanxi relies on the Qinling Mountains in the north and the Bashan Mountain in the south, and the Han River flows from west to east. Affected by the natural environment, the per capita arable land in southern Shaanxi is small, the use of agricultural machinery is small and miniaturized, agricultural management is dominated by small farmers, and the level of industrialization and scale is low. The development of modern agriculture in southern Shaanxi is seriously restricted by meteorological disasters such as hail disasters in spring and summer, rainstorms in summer and continuous rain in autumn, as well as geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows. Among the 28 counties (districts) in the three cities of southern Shaanxi, there are 21 poverty-stricken counties at the national and provincial level.

The relocation of immigrants from southern Shaanxi, which began in 2011, has become a turning point in the fate of ordinary people in the dangerous zone of landslides and in the depths of the mountains, and has also become a turning point in the large-scale and strong promotion of modern agriculture with characteristics in southern Shaanxi.

Over the past four years, resettlement has directly injected 50.714 billion yuan of investment into the development of southern Shaanxi, leveraged 58 billion yuan of related investment, made a considerable number of people go out of rural areas and into cities and towns, and accelerated the circulation and large-scale operation of rural land. it has spawned the vigorous rise of modern agricultural parks, family farms, large industrial households and professional farmers, and accelerated the process of agricultural modernization in southern Shaanxi. The economic growth rate of southern Shaanxi has been higher than the average level of the whole province for four consecutive years, and the income gap between urban and rural residents and the whole province has further narrowed.

Where do the immigrants move to, and where do the industries go?

Shanyang Shizishan Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., adjacent to Goukou Immigrant Community in Shanyang County. There are 2469 people from 629 households in Goukou community, from 9 village groups that used to be scattered in the mountain depression.

"Tonight, the fully automatic mixing and bagging production line with an investment of 248000 yuan will be installed." On July 8, Zhang Jianjun, head of Lion Rock Ecological Agricultural Technology Company and village branch secretary, told reporters that in order to develop the shiitake mushroom industry and increase the income of relocated households, the county agricultural bureau has invested more than 4 million yuan to build a greenhouse for strain production and culture, and 18 villagers have jointly raised 2 million yuan to become shareholders of the company to directly participate in the production and management of Lentinus edodes. It is expected that the investment will be fully recovered this year. They do not have shiitake mushroom sheds, and people who work in other people's greenhouses also have an average income of 15000 yuan a year.

Where the immigrants move, the industry will go. It is reported that around the resettlement district, Shanyang County has built 43 forest and fruit parks, 21 traditional Chinese medicine planting parks, 59 breeding parks, and 19 alpine agricultural products production and processing parks, and a total of 6886 relocated people have achieved local employment, increasing the annual per capita net income of farmers by 2900 yuan.

Similarly, Xixiang County introduced 50 large and medium-sized enterprises such as Henan Yongkang, Xi'an New Hyundai, Xinshida, Hanzhong Mingxian and other large and medium-sized enterprises into the agricultural park to promote the development of tea, pig breeding, edible fungus cultivation and so on. Driven by leading enterprises, Xixiang County has developed a total of 270000 mu of high-standard ecological tea gardens, raised 1.35 million pigs, 20 million bags of edible fungi, built 31 modern agricultural parks, solved the employment of 10, 000 people, and increased the income of relocated households by more than 2500 million yuan.

The development of modern agricultural parks has also led to large-scale and intensive management of land. At present, the relocation of the three cities in southern Shaanxi has brought a land transfer area of more than 100,000 mu and woodland of more than 300,000 mu.

Develop Recycling Agriculture and improve Agricultural efficiency

Circular ecological agriculture, also known as the "three high" agriculture with high yield, high quality and high efficiency, is the direction of the development of modern agriculture. The basic requirements of circular agriculture are resource conservation and ecological friendliness. Southern Shaanxi, as the ecological barrier in central China and the water source of the national middle route of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, pays special attention to the development of circular ecological agriculture among the supporting industries after migration.

In the greenhouse of Wufeng Modern Agricultural Park in Xixiang County, Hu Shengyin, secretary of the party branch of Wufeng Village, picked a tomato and handed it to the reporter: "eat it, absolutely healthy and natural!" We use biogas slurry after raising pigs to fertilize, melons and fruits without pesticides or chemical fertilizers, which are certified organic products! "

The ecological cycle model of "livestock-marsh-vegetable" makes the price of Wufeng vegetables which are safe and reliable sell well. The per capita net income of farmers in the park is more than 13000 yuan, which is 30% higher than that of farmers in the whole county. The ecological cycle model of Wufeng Park is more and more copied and applied to the production of other agricultural parks, which not only increases farmers' income, but also greatly improves the quality and safety of agricultural products.

In the Shanyang Wuling ecological poultry breeding professional cooperative, which is built by immigrant households as shareholders and invested a total of more than 10 million yuan, feeding, dung cleaning, egg collection, cleaning and even packaging have all realized mechanized operation. In the henhouse containing more than 50,000 laying hens, there is hardly a bad smell. "there are not only facilities such as ventilation and cooling in the chicken house, but also the scraper will automatically clean the chicken manure every four hours, so there is no bad smell." Liu Depeng, head of the cooperative, said that due to advanced equipment, only two workers were used in the daily management of 50,000 chickens, which greatly saved labor. All the chicken manure is used in the planting base of the cooperative, realizing the recycling.

It is understood that over the past four years, immigrants from southern Shaanxi have relocated a total of 34000 mu of homestead. The average annual soil erosion is 2400 square kilometers, afforestation is 1.267 million mu, and the vegetation coverage rate has increased by 4.5%. The outbound water quality of the Hanjiang River remains above Class II, ensuring the safety of water sources in the middle route of the national south-to-north water transfer project.

Cultivate a new type of management body and speed up the development of modern agriculture

The new type of management body is the most active force to promote the development of modern agriculture. In 2014, our province established a support fund for the relocation industry in southern Shaanxi to support the relocation of people to develop large-scale agriculture, agricultural and sideline products processing industry and green industry. According to the policy of each household, make sure that one person in each household has mastered two practical techniques. Taking the "Human skills Project" and "Sunshine Project" as carriers, the three cities in southern Shaanxi have cultivated a number of large agricultural operators and professional farmers.

Wang Daoping is the relocation household of the relocation community of Taishan Temple in Laoxian Town, Pingli County. Last year, with a high school degree, he obtained the qualification certificate of a junior vocational farmer after a training and examination. "I used to grow four or five mu of grain on the sloping land, and I depended on heaven for a living, so I could not earn a few dollars a year. Now, with the help of the government, together with four other relocation families, I have set up a professional vegetable planting cooperative in Moon Bay, developed 60 mu of greenhouse vegetables and a thousand-head pig farm on the transferred land in the market town, and used modern farming knowledge to develop circular agriculture. " Wang Daoping said.

His lover, on the other hand, runs a comprehensive supermarket of more than 300 square meters in the immigrant community, which specializes in home-grown vegetables and pork in addition to daily necessities. "self-production and self-sale, business has been good. The rest of the vegetables were sold to Ankang. Last year, greenhouse vegetables alone sold for NT $400,000 to NT $500,000. " Wang Daoping said.

Wang Daoping's cooperative has invested more than 2 million yuan. In his view, life is more meaningful when a modern professional farmer leads the villagers to become rich together. At present, he continues to study production and management skills at the County Agricultural Broadcasting School. "after graduating this period, he will be able to obtain the qualification certificate of an intermediate professional farmer in Ankang City, which can not only win more policy support, but also drive more small households to become rich together." Wang Daoping said happily.

The relocation of immigrants in southern Shaanxi has made a large number of mountain people like Wang Daoping get rid of the life style of generations, in line with modern life, modern production and modern concepts. What is more far-reaching is that their descendants no longer have to follow the hard life of their predecessors who were trapped by the mountains.