Present situation and Development trend of Aquatic products processing Industry in China

"Food is the most important thing for the people". Food is the basic substance for human survival. Aquatic food not only has high protein, rich highly unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements, but also contains a large number of flavor substances. Such as carnosine, goose carnosine, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, free amino acids, inosinic acid, taurine, succinic acid, etc., which constitute the unique flavor of aquatic food. It is deeply loved by consumers, and aquatic products are one of the most important sources of animal protein for human beings.

I. current situation of China's Aquatic products processing Industry

China is a large fishery country, and the total output of aquatic products has been about 45 million tons in recent years. Aquatic product processing is an important way to improve the comprehensive benefit and added value of aquatic products. High-quality aquatic products can effectively improve the product grade through deep processing, while low-value aquatic products can not only increase the source of nutrients but also improve the comprehensive utilization rate. The outline of China's food structure reform and development clearly points out that the proportion of aquatic products in animal food is more than 20%. In order to meet the requirements put forward in the outline of China's Food structure Reform and Development in the 1990s, the aquatic products processing industry is not only improving the quality and safety of traditional products, but also facing the tasks of increasing the variety and deep processing of aquatic products. At present, China's aquatic product processing has formed a large number of modern aquatic product processing enterprises, including surimi processing, Laver processing, roasted eel processing, seasoning products, canned and flexible packaging processing, dry products processing, frozen products processing and fresh-keeping aquatic products processing, fishmeal, seaweed food, seaweed chemical industry, seafood health food, marine medicine, fish skin leather and handicrafts. These enterprises have become the main driving force and link for the rapid development of China's aquatic industry and integration with the international market. With the great progress of China's fishery industry, the aquatic products processing industry has also made a breakthrough. According to statistics, the total output of aquatic products in 2004 was 49.018 million tons, an increase of 1.957 million tons over 2003. An increase of 4.2%. Among them. The marine fishing output is 14.511 million tons. Deduct the catch of ocean fishing. Negative growth of 0.8 percent; mariculture production of 13.167 million tons, an increase of 634000 tons or 5.1 percent over 2003; freshwater fishing production of 2.42 million tons, a decrease of 42000 tons over 2003, a negative increase of 1.7 percent; and freshwater aquaculture production of 18.92 million tons, an increase of 1.177 million tons over 2003, an increase of 6.64 percent. Of the total production, fishing production was 16.931 million tons, accounting for 34.5% of the total production, and aquaculture production was 32.087 million tons, accounting for 65.5% of the total production. The output of seafood was 27.678 million tons, accounting for 56.5 percent of the total output, and the output of freshwater products was 21.34 million tons, accounting for 43.5 percent of the total output. The per capita share of aquatic products in the country is 38.7kg, an increase of 1.5kg over 2003. Calculated at 2004 prices, the total fishery output value of the whole society was 670.24 billion yuan, of which the fishery output value was 379.62 billion yuan, an increase of 16% and 14.2% respectively over the same period in 2003.

Due to the pull of the international aquatic product consumption market, China's aquatic product processing and export has developed rapidly, and the number of processing enterprises has increased rapidly. the number reached 8745 in 2004, an increase of 458 over 2003. The annual processing capacity was 14.27 million tons, an increase of 9.3 percent over 2003, and the total processing capacity of aquatic products was 10.32 million tons, an increase of 13.2 percent over 2003. Frozen aquatic products and frozen processed aquatic products remain the most important components, with production reaching 5.993 million tons, accounting for 51.4 per cent of the total processed. 447000 tons of algae processed products, 1.704 million tons of surimi products and dry-cured products, 144000 tons of canned products, 1.683 million tons of animal protein feed, 23000 tons of fish oil products, and 773000 tons of other aquatic products. Equivalent to raw materials, the amount of aquatic products used for processing is 13.823 million tons, accounting for 28% of the total output of aquatic products. The processing methods of aquatic products in China are various and have a long history, which can be divided into traditional technology and modern technology. Traditional processing mainly refers to curing, drying, fumigation, dregs and natural fermentation. With the development of China's national economy, the progress of science and technology and the introduction of foreign advanced production equipment and processing technology, the processing technology, methods and means of aquatic products in China have undergone fundamental changes. the technical content and economic added value of aquatic products have been greatly improved. It is obvious that the effective market demand for aquatic products will expand with the improvement of residents' living standards and the acceleration of the pace of life.

II. The Development trend of Aquatic products processing in China in the Future

Today in the 21st century, the process of global economic integration is accelerating, international trade and cooperation are increasingly extensive, and scientific and technological innovation is changing with each passing day. People have put forward higher requirements in production and life. Nutrition, health care, convenience and delicacy, freshness have become diet fashion.

The trend of aquatic product processing can be summarized into the following five directions

First, it is convenient. First use some aquatic products to process fish paste, and then use fish paste to produce a variety of fish cakes, fish preserved fish, fish steaks or fish sausages and other products for direct consumption by consumers. It is rich in nutrition, resistant to storage and easy to carry.

The second is simulation. Fish paste can be made into color, aroma, taste, shape similar to crab, shrimp, shellfish, shark fin, roe and other simulation products. This kind of simulated product can also become a characteristic aquatic convenience food or side dish in home or restaurant catering.

The third is health care. All kinds of aquatic health food are made from aquatic products as raw materials, according to a certain formula, with appropriate drugs, using the taste of aquatic products and taking the properties of drugs. Because of its low cholesterol content, it can become a real "medicinal diet".

The fourth is cosmetology. Most of the caviar is not only delicious and nutritious, but also rich in elements and minerals such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and lecithin. It is a popular beauty and health food in the world.

Fifth, fresh division. After scientific segmentation, aquatic products can maintain their original fresh taste. For example, freshwater fish, in addition to promoting local live sale and fresh sale, can also be divided into small frozen packages, so that they can be stored for a long time, which can meet the consumption needs of different consumers and facilitate purchase.

After joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's aquatic processing enterprises should adopt high and new technology, deeply develop aquatic products, make full use of aquatic resources, meet people's needs, rely on science and technology and market, improve the scientific and technological content of products, speed up the process of being in line with international standards, and develop diversified aquatic foods. The development of deep processing is the development direction of China's aquatic product processing industry. We can rely on technological innovation to improve the competitiveness of products. On the basis of existing processing technology, aquatic products should adopt new methods, new processes and new technologies to carry out technological innovation, focus on the development of deep-processed products with certain advanced high-tech content and high added value, and strengthen the research and development of aquatic medical and health food, functional food, convenience food and aquatic waste.

The Ministry of Agriculture has formulated the National Development Plan for the processing Industry of Major Agricultural products, which makes it clear that in the future, the production and processing of aquatic products should focus on the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of bulk products, low-value products and wastes, optimize the product structure, and promote the establishment of an industrial system for the processing of freshwater fish, shellfish, pelagic fish and algae. In addition, it is necessary to cultivate and guide a number of dynamic leading enterprises in the processing of aquatic products, speed up technological transformation, promote the development of marketable products, and constantly increase the market share at home and abroad.

In the processing of marine products, we should focus on the research and development of new fishing objects, processing into high-quality fish meal, fish fillets, surimi, simulated food and condiments. On the basis of strengthening the development of traditional aquatic products, the processing of marine low-value aquatic products should develop a large number of refined edible fresh fish paste, and then use fresh fish paste as raw materials to produce all kinds of convenient foods, such as flavor fish balls, fish rolls, fish cakes, fish sausages, fish dim sum, and high-grade artificial crab meat, shellfish, shark fin, roe and other synthetic aquatic foods with good color and taste, so as to improve the comprehensive utilization rate and added value of low-value products.

In the processing of freshwater fish, we should, in accordance with the principle of "keeping fresh, keeping alive, and processing three," sell mainly live and fresh products, gradually develop segmentation and slicing processing, and do a good job in distribution under the condition of chilled and frozen. We should do a good job in the development of surimi, fish fillets and new dried salt products, smoked products and seasoning products, and comprehensively process and utilize the inedible parts to improve the added value.

In the processing of shellfish, it is mainly to do a good job in keeping alive, purifying and disinfecting, and to carry out diversified development, such as shellfish condiments, dried products, smoked products and canned soft packaging, as well as calcium foods for human and animals.