Pay attention to the ethical dimension of agricultural development

Scientific agricultural behavior should follow the basic laws of natural ecosystem. It is undeniable that industrialization has brought new opportunities and new means to agricultural modernization. However, it is a pity that while people are promoting agricultural modernization, they have the problem of neglecting the laws of agriculture. In order to build modern agriculture, we must pay attention to the ethical dimension of agricultural development.

China's understanding of the relationship between agriculture and the environment originates from ancient times. The initial understanding of the environment is "heaven", that is, the general name of the vast universe. The understanding of heaven is divided into three levels: the first level is the awe of heaven. "Shangshu Yao Dian" recorded: "is the life of Xi, and, Qin Ruo Haotian, like the sun, moon and stars, reverence to people." Xunzi further pointed out: "therefore, when raising for a long time, the six animals are raised, when killing animals, the plants grow, and when the government decrees, the people are one, virtuous and good." This means that animal breeding, plant reproduction and administrative management should all meet the requirements of "time", and expounds the inseparable ethical relationship between man and nature in agricultural society. The second level is the communication between man and heaven. Mozi said: "there is no choice of grain, six animals fail, disease, hostility, wind and bitter rain, recommend to reach, this day's punishment will be different from that of heaven." The feeling between heaven and man here is essentially man's cognition and prayer to heaven. The third level is the adaptive use of heaven according to the objective law. Xunzi pointed out, "praise it from heaven, which is related to the destiny of heaven and use it." If human behavior is systematically contrary to the laws of society and nature, the phenomenon of "human behavior" will occur. From the point of view of human existence, Laozi probes into the humanistic thought which conforms to the law of the operation of the universe and agricultural ethics. He put the natural law of "Tao" at the highest level of the ethical structure and pushed the ethical system of Chinese culture to the peak in history. Chinese farming civilization is gradually developed under the influence of the thinking of man, earth, heaven and Tao.

At present, the problems of resources and environment, such as air pollution, lack of water resources and soil pollution, make China's agricultural development face severe challenges. The uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural film destroys the agricultural ecological environment, and food safety problems haunt people's lives. Resources and environment, food safety, urban-rural dual structure and other problems are closely related to agricultural development, which need to be analyzed, considered and solved from the perspective of ethics.

First, when. Be in awe of the weather and be in tune with it. When not violating agriculture, it is the Chinese nation's original understanding of agricultural ethics. From Zhou Li's "Qiu Guan Sike" and "Li Ji Yue Ling" to the rich expositions of various schools and miscellaneous books, there are numerous discussions related to the times in the history of our country. its basic principle is that each part of the ecosystem moves according to the phenological rhythm. Agro-ecosystem is coordinated by the complex functions of multiple interfaces, and its time sequence is inexhaustible by modern science. The modern agricultural system tends to be globalized until it involves the biosphere as a whole, and its time sequence is much more complicated than before, and the awe of the weather is the first priority of agricultural ethics.

Second, land. Give merit to the earth and respond to it. Land is the carrier of all things. The primary production of agro-ecosystems depends on land. Land is not only the carrier of agricultural organisms, but also the product of the biological world including agricultural organisms. The rise and fall of the agricultural system can be characterized by the fertility of the land. Since the era of the Book of songs, the Chinese ethnic groups have sung praises of the land. The Book of changes is sublimated in theory, which is called topography Kun, carrying things with virtue. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were full-time officials who were apprentices of local lawsuits. Guanzi has systematically discussed the land typology in Guanzi's "Local officers". Chinese folklore often worship the land as a god, and should nourish the land with virtue. Do not plunder and scrape the land, try your best to fish, make it increasingly barren, or even poison it, and lose the virtue of its load.

Third, degree. The degree of handsome heaven and earth is determined. The ecosystem is open and has the function of material output and input, so agricultural activities have pay and harvest. Among them, the way of taking should make the nutrients of the agricultural system fluctuate within a certain threshold and maintain a relative balance, so as to maintain the health of the ecosystem, that is, the so-called degree of availability, in order to realize the reasonable circulation of nutrients in the ecosystem. Once the nutrients fail to make ends meet and break through the fluctuation threshold, the vitality of the agricultural system tends to decline. In the period of small-scale peasant economy, relying on the intensive cultivation of farmers, the agricultural system has a relatively perfect ability of self-organization, and its vitality lasts for a long time. In the era of industrialization, the energy flow, logistics and information flow of the agricultural system should not be exhausted due to excessive intake.

Fourth, Dharma. Manage carefully according to the law of nature. "Man is the law of earth, the earth is the law of heaven, the law of heaven is the way, and the way is the law of nature." The word "law" dominates the way of management. Agricultural management includes the whole process of land, the people attached to the land, and agricultural production and product distribution. Among them, complicated technology and social work need thoughtful ethical care, and the center of ethical care is layers of jurisprudence. The era requires that China's agricultural ethics should take the interface of many systems as nodes, connect each system as a whole, and extend the link keys in different interfaces, so that the system coupling can be extended step by step, so as to make full use of the opportunity of the times to seek development. Do not make subjective assumptions, disturb the sequence of the law of man, earth, heaven and Tao, and lose the opportunity to couple the system step by step.