The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of persimmon

Garden site selection

Persimmon is most suitable for calcareous soil and also suitable for neutral or slightly acidic soil. The places with loose and fertile soil, low groundwater level and good drainage, leeward and sunny should be selected.

Seedling selection

Select the new varieties identified by the departments at or above the provincial level, which are suitable to be planted locally and suitable for promotion, or the varieties that have a long history of local cultivation and good growth and sales. The survival rate of 1 ~ 2-year-old grafted seedlings was higher. The height of the seedling is more than 1m, the ground diameter is more than 1.2cm, the length of the main root is more than 20cm, and there are more than 15 lateral roots, and the interface is good, substantial, robust and free of diseases and insect pests.

Seedling planting

Dig big pits, guest soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting to create favorable conditions for root development. The planting density should be 4 × 5m, and the height, width and depth of the pit should be 1 × 0.8 × 0.6m. Planting persimmon seedlings should be planted mainly when they begin to sprout in spring, so as to avoid freezing damage.

Soil fertilizer and water management

Persimmon is a deep-rooted tree species, which should be expanded to improve soil and fertilizer in order to flourish. Persimmon trees are prone to root rot in acid soil, which should be improved when the pH value is too low. When the persimmon tree is put into production, it is necessary to expand the hole and improve the soil in winter. When backfilling the topsoil, the persimmon tree is applied pig and cow fertilizer 50kg or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 1~1.5kg, mixed with the topsoil and filled into the lower layer. For high-yield trees, pure N6.5kg, pure P2.5kg and pure K0.6kg should be applied per mu, and the fertilization concentration should not be too high and can be applied many times. Watering generally watering sprout water, pre-flowering water, swelling water and overwintering water to keep the soil moist.

Shaping and pruning

The winter pruning of persimmon trees is beneficial to the early fruiting of young trees, the high and stable yield of adult trees, and the renewal and rejuvenation of aging trees. Winter shearing is usually carried out after falling leaves to before sprouting in the following spring.

1. Pruning of young trees

Select 3-4 suitable branches as backbone branches, generally not short, and remove nearby weak and strong branches in the same direction. Now the natural happy shape of multi-main branches is generally adopted. When plastic surgery, temporarily retain the central trunk, cut off 1 beat 2 times 1 prime 3 every year, maintain a happy state, once the crown is formed, cut off the central trunk.

2. Pruning of trees in full fruiting period

① adjusts the angle of backbone branches to balance internal and external growth forces. The excessive large branches should be thinned year by year to promote the growth of the inner chamber branches. the results of the cultivation of the branchlets group should support the large branches to grow outward and upward, gradually replace the original branches and raise the angle of the main branches.

The internal chamber branches were cultured by the combination of sparse and contraction of ②. Retract too high, too strong branch group, prevent the fruit part from moving outward, promote the posterior part to renew the branch, and remove the weak and stay strong. The fruiting branches are generally not short, and dense branches, overgrown branches, cross branches and diseased branches are cut off to make the distribution of branches reasonable.

③ should keep more reserve branches to overcome the big and small years. Every year, the fruiting branch or the fruiting mother branch of 1BG 3 is cut short as a reserve branch, so that it can bear fruit every other year and prolong the fruiting life.

3. Pruning of aging trees

Because the hidden bud of persimmon has a long life span and strong germination, it can be renewed many times to maintain the tree potential and prolong the fruiting life.

Pest control

1. Clear the garden in winter to reduce the number of overwintering diseases and pests. Combined with winter pruning, diseased fruits, diseased stems, withered branches and fallen leaves should be cleaned thoroughly to remove the source of overwintering diseases and insect pests.

2. Spray a 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 95% oil emulsion 150 times before spring germination.

3. On the basis of the above control, the main pests such as persimmon cotton scale, persimmon stem insect and paramecium can be scraped off the old bark and coated with 5 times 10 times omethoate, and the effect is remarkable. In addition, biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis or diflubenzuron are used as far as possible to control leaf-eating pests.