The latest course of cultivation techniques of kumquat

Classification of kumquat varieties

Kumquat is usually divided into ordinary kumquat and slippery kumquat two kinds, let's first take a look at these two kinds of kumquat what is different!

1. Kumquat

Kumquat (including flame, gold, honey, embroidery, kumquat, golden bullet, golden jujube, etc.) belongs to rue material, which is an evergreen shrub with thorns. The tree height is more than 1 meter and the highest is 4 meters. The crown is about 2 meters in diameter. Branches rounded, slightly angular, internodes short 9-pitch ca. 1 cm. The spines are 3.2-3.8 cm long, pointed, yellow, transverse, and issued under the leaves. Leaves alternate and densely attached. New leaf tip slightly obtusely serrate, petiole short, with narrow wings. White flowers, 5 petals, calyx narrow, flowering 6 - 9 months, the first flower before and after the mango seed: the second flowering summer solstice to small full: the third flowering in small department, large department; the fourth and fifth flowering before and after the beginning of autumn. It does not finish flowering until after laurel fruit. Oranges generally begin to ripen in mid-October and enter the harvest.

The fruit is oval and rounded, 2.49-3.2 cm in diameter and 2.73- 3.35 cm in height (length). Fruit central hypertrophy, both ends gradually smaller, smooth fruit top, slightly concave row end, slightly grooved, column point quite small, mature, shiny, yellow green or golden fruit, fruit section has aromatic flavor, pericarp thickness 4~5 mm. The oil bubbles are light orange. The flesh is difficult to separate and the meat is juicy, sweet and sour. Each fruit contains 5 to 8 seeds, and each orange tree produces 8 to 10 kilograms of fruit.

① Seedlings, 5~6 years to begin flowering, can be harvested for 40 to 50 years, long can be harvested for 100 years.

(2) Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in 3 - 5 years, and bear fruit earlier than seedlings. Early income. Pressed seedlings are basically similar to grafted seedlings.

2. Smooth kumquat

Slippery kumquat is a newly developed excellent variety. Slippery kumquat is upright, 1.5-2 meters high, 4 meters in crown diameter, 40 cm in trunk circumference, 1.8 meters high trunk, smooth without thorns, grayish brown, thin and smooth vegetative branches. Impeller, elliptic lanceolate, 6.3-6.5 cm long, 2-3.1 cm wide, petiole 1.1 cm long, leaves green, apex obtuse, leaves rolled inward like boat, 1/3 of leaf tail undulated, leaf surface dark green, leaf back light green, main vein raised, lateral vein network obvious. Flowers white, 3-6-merous, mostly 5-merous, spatulate, 1.12 cm long, 0.42 cm wide, apex oil brittle inconspicuous and smooth. Pedicel 0.53 cm long, petals outward when open inverted large. The flowering period is 3-5 days earlier than that of common kumquat, and it blooms 3-4 times from June to August.

The fruit is globose or ellipsoidal, and the pericarp is thin and smooth. Single fruit is big and heavy, big 23.6 grams, flesh is compact, yellow-white, soluble solids more than 20%, fruit taste sweet and crisp mouth, no sour and spicy taste. The epidermis is thin and tough, which is more resistant to storage than ordinary kumquat. The maturity period is from November to January of the following year.

Environmental requirements for kumquat cultivation

1, growth habits

Kumquat is a neutral tree. Seedling and young forest neutral partial shade, after the forest neutral partial yang, like warm and humid climate, like fertilizer, afraid of waterlogging, avoid drought, too strong light, exposure easy to occur sunburn disease. Mountain planting, should choose north, northeast or southeast is good, adapt to a wide range of soil pH, with 5.5-6.5 slightly acidic soil is the most suitable. Cold hardiness. It grows fast. Two-year seedlings are as high as 60 to 70 centimeters.

① Topping: spring shoots from late April to early May, the time is 25-28 days; summer shoots in late June, stop in mid-July, the time is 25 - 28 days. Autumn begins in the middle of August and stops in the middle and late September for 30 days.

② Flowering: The first flower is in mid-late June; the second flower is in mid-late July; the third flower is in mid-late August; the fourth flower is in early September to October; it takes about 150-170 days from flowering to fruit maturity.

2. Growing soil environment

Kumquat is suitable for planting in mountainous areas. The hills, low mountains and middle mountains at an altitude of 200 to 500 meters, especially in river valleys, are better because these areas are surrounded by mountains and mountains, blocking the invasion of cold currents) to prevent low temperature and wind damage. Kumquat belongs to mycorrhizal plants, and its root growth has the characteristics of good air, good fertilizer and good moisture. Therefore, the land for planting orange forest should be black sand or yellow sand soil with strong water storage and fertility, high natural fertility and deep soil layer, so as to promote the development and growth of mycorrhizal orange forest.

3. Climate conditions required for kumquat growth

① Temperature: Orange forest requires mild climate, with annual average temperature of 19℃. The hottest month is July, with an average monthly temperature of 27.9℃; the coldest month is January, with an average monthly temperature of 8.5℃. In the past 30 years, the extreme highest temperature in the county was 38.6℃ (January 1971) and the extreme lowest temperature was-5.5 ℃ (January 1963). The average frost-free period is 290 days. No damage of kumquat forest by high temperature freezing was found.

Rainfall: The annual total rainfall is 1942.5%, the rainfall in June accounts for nearly 20% of the annual rainfall, and the rainfall in December or January only accounts for 2.5-2.6% of the annual rainfall. There is no phenomenon of insufficient rainfall causing orange harvest failure.

③ humidity: air humidity is too high, orange fruit contains more water, delicate cortex. On the contrary, the air is too dry, will make orange fruit development is poor, resulting in orange fruit small skin thick meat light, poor quality kumquat flowering period, humidity in more than 80% is more appropriate.

④ Sunshine hours: The total daily illumination hours of the whole year are 1416.3 hours, accounting for 32% of the local illumination hours. Summer and autumn sunshine hours are more, winter and spring sunshine hours are less, summer 502.2 hours, autumn 47.4 hours, winter 214.3 hours) spring 228.4 hours. Kumquat high yield and quality to spring and autumn sunshine partial more, summer direct sunlight is not too fierce for the good.