The latest course of Longan planting techniques and methods

Longan, also known as longan, is a valuable specialty in southern China, rich in nutrition and a precious tonic. The pulp contains 12.38% sugar 22.55%, reducing sugar 3.85% 10.16%, converted sugar 9.59% 13.59%, acid 0.096% 0.109%, sustaining C43.12~163.70mg/100g pulp. There are also vitamin K and inorganic salts. It has high medicinal value, tonifying the heart and tonifying the heart, nourishing blood and calming the nerve. it can treat weakness, anemia and yellowing, neurasthenia, postpartum blood deficiency and other diseases. In addition to fresh food, longan can also be dried, canned, longan ointment and so on. It is approved to make wine.

Selection of improved varieties

The varieties in Fujian are Fuyan, Wuqiuben, Banana Eye, Red Shell, Wulongling, Youtanben, Pumingelection, Dongbi, Egg Longan, Red Kernel, etc., while the varieties in Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan are Shixia and Wuyuan. Caopu species, Kaohe, Daguang, Guangyan, button button, Luyuanqiang, Luyuan 6, Luyuan 106, August fresh, Fuling yellow shell longan and so on.

Longan seedling

1. Seedlings

Choose the hillside land with wind and frost protection, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer and loose and fertile texture as the nursery ground. Ploughing 20~33cm deep, applying turf soil 5000kg, then ploughing and harrowing, applying barnyard manure 2000~2500kg, and then building a border, the border height is 20-25cm, the width is 1m, and the furrow depth is 33~40cm. The ratio of longan nursery to transplant nursery should be 1:6 or 1:7. Longan seeds must be sown as they are picked. The seeds taken out were immediately mixed with sand in the proportion of 1 to 2 to 3 to accumulate and germinate. The optimum germination temperature was 25 ℃, and the water content of fine sand was about 5%. When the germ elongates 0.5~1cm, it can be sown in the seedbed. Can be sown, grain spacing 8 × 10cm, sowing rate 115-250kg per mu, 2500~3000kg after sowing cover burning soil or sand, covered with straw, then irrigated by water diversion, and then drained after wet. After emergence, it is necessary to strengthen management, such as watering and removing straw. Fertilizing to ensure the robust growth of seedlings. Transplant during spring plum rain. When transplanting, apply good fertilizer, plant row spacing 20 × 30 ~ 33cm, planting 7000000 plants per mu. Timely management after relocation.

2. Grafting propagation

The seedlings of 5-6 years after planting were used as rootstocks and grafted by embedding method. The scion with 2-year-old strong branches, thick 1cm and long 4-12cm can also be used by leaning grafting, and the best time is from March to April, and the grafting propagation can also be carried out by tongue grafting and bud patch grafting.

3. High pressure propagation

The method is to select 3-year-old and 4-year-old 3cm branches with 3-year-old branches with 2-Mel branches on the robust plants over 15 years old. The girdling was carried out at the place away from the branch 10~20cm, the width was about 40~50cm, and the cortex was scraped off. When the tumor appeared in 10-20 days, it could be wrapped with grass mud, filled with a bowl or covered with plastic film as the hairy root matrix.

4. Cuttage

Take the twigs of longan that year, cut them into branches of 15~17cm, and insert them into the hotbed of 27 Mel 29 ℃, which is usually covered with light and water. Before cutting, the bottom of the selected branch was peeled around first, and after 1 / 2 days, it was coated with 300g mixed coating of 100 parts of straw ash, 10 parts of red mud and 0.18 parts of salt, then bandaged, and then cut off the mother branch after two and a half months.

Planting technology of longan

It can be planted in 2-3 months in spring and in late October in winter. Planting density, available row spacing 16m, plant spacing 4.5m, planting 1920 trees per mu. The planting hole with a depth of 1m was dug first and the river mud was applied below. Soil, burning soil, composting, calcium superphosphate and plant ash should be mixed with topsoil. After planting, it must be fully irrigated first, then covered with fine soil, and then irrigated once or twice a day. The depth of planting, the root and neck should be level with the ground.