The latest course of durian planting techniques and methods

Durian is one of the famous tropical fruits and a kind of fruit with great economic value. Some Southeast Asian countries grow more, of which Thailand is the most. Durian ranks first in Thailand's fresh fruit exports, reaching 10 million US dollars in 1987. There are a few durian trees in Hainan, China, and some durian varieties have been introduced from abroad. With the opening up to the outside world, foreign durian has entered the Chinese market and is favored. Due to the lack of understanding of the charm of durian, China does not attach great importance to the cultivation of durian, and there is little research on durian. According to the phenological characteristics of durian, the daily average temperature is above 22 ℃. It can be planted in frost-free areas, and can be developed in some areas of Hainan and Yunnan provinces in China.

Durian can only grow and bear fruit in a high temperature climate all the year round. Even in equatorial areas, durian cannot be planted or cannot bear fruit because of the drop in temperature at the altitude of more than 600m. The listing season is from September to December every year, and production is also available in other months.

For a long time, people often use seeds to breed durian, but the genetic variability of durian is large. If a durian has ten kernels, each nucleus may produce ten different quality fruits, and the good and the bad are intermingled, and inferior durian can produce very excellent varieties. Similarly, good durian can also breed inferior varieties, and some durians do not hang fruit all their lives. In order to cultivate excellent varieties, ensure the purity of varieties and produce high yield early, people are more and more using grafting propagation to cultivate durian. The six propagation methods of durian (except seed propagation) are briefly described as follows:

1. Budding

With the exception of monocotyledons and some plants with irregular cambium, almost all dicotyledonous woody plants can bud and reproduce. The stock is the size of a pencil, and the stem of the stock is removed from the soil at 10cm, cut two wide 0.7cm from top to bottom, cut long 3~4cm slit, cut a knife flat at the top of the two slits, pull up the skin, and the length coincides with the bud piece. A little pulled skin is left at the lower end of the incision to support the bud. The process of obtaining bud slices is the same as that of cutting and peeling with anvil water. After mosaic, it is fastened with 1cm wide plastic film tape. The marriage interface had better not come into contact with Rain Water within two days.

Note that other fruit tree bud grafting methods can completely wrap the buds, with the exception of durian, because the buds on the buds are easy to fall off. We'll know whether it will survive or not in two weeks. After survival, the buds were cut off at the upper end of the rootstock at about 30cm to stimulate the rapid growth of the bud eyes. In the future, rootstocks will breed a lot of rootstocks, which cannot be completely removed. One or two rootstocks must be turned off to help the buds absorb nutrients, but the remaining rootstocks should not be overgrown and should be pruned regularly so as not to hinder the growth of the buds.

2. Splicing

Seedlings before sprouting leaves or woody seeds are best used as rootstocks. Cut the rootstock flat away from the 6~7cm, cut straight down in the middle of the flat anvil pile and cut about 1cm into a "V" shape; take the shoot with two or three buds equal to the diameter of the anvil pile as the scion, about 8~10cm, cut off the leaves 3pm 4, cut the lower end of the scion into a wedge, insert it into the cut seam of the anvil pile, and fasten it with thin film belt. Afterwards, cover the whole seedling with a transparent plastic bag to prevent the moisture of the scion from evaporating. After about two or three weeks, if the leaves of the scion will not fall off, it will be successful.

3. Docking

It is only suitable for a small amount of reproduction. Seedlings planted in plastic bags can be used as rootstocks when they are about six or seven months old. The branch size of the scion is equal to that of the rootstock, and the most ideal is upright nutrition.

4. Cuttage

The branches used are about 15cm long and as large as chopsticks in diameter, with several leaves and buds, each of which needs to be cut off by 2/3 to prevent water evaporation. The tip of the branch is cut obliquely or cut 1 cm from the bottom to the top, coated with a layer of hormone rooting agent, inserted into a wet sand cup, placed in a greenhouse with weak light, and watered. After seven or eight weeks, if the leaves do not fall off and the young roots grow, it can be transplanted into a plastic bag.

5. Ventral grafting of branches

The rootstock can be of any size, as long as it has grown into wood, the cortex is easy to peel off, and the cutting process is similar to budding. Select the strong shoot tip of long 10cm which has not yet opened leaves and unfinished quality as scion, the oblique cutting length of scion is slightly shorter than the cut of rootstock, insert it into the incision of rootstock, tie it with plastic tape, then wrap it in transparent plastic paper and place it in a cool place. Cut the tape two weeks later, but don't undo the tape until the branch ends grow.

6. Air crimping

There is no seasonality for air striping. Choose a branch with a larger pencil and peel about 3cm at the 40cm from the end. After peeling, you need to cut off the cambium at the cut with the back of the knife, otherwise the incision cortex will recover and not take root. Wrap a wet mass of dirt the size of a duck's egg in the incision. Wrap it in three layers of plastic paper and tie it tightly at both ends. After about three months of new root growth, it can be cut off from the mother. Cut the plastic paper, plant it in a black plastic bag, place it in a cool place, and transplant it in about a month or two. Because of the low survival rate, durian is rarely used in breeding.