Appreciation criteria of Chinese orchids

The national orchid appreciation standard is the crystallization of the orchid appreciation experience of the Chinese people for thousands of years. It is shaped by the beauty of the human body, fixed by the beauty of human character, divided by the beauty of flowers, identified by the quality of jewelry and jade, identified by elegance, and appreciated by the style of a gentleman. Thus it can be seen that the appreciation standard of Chinese orchids is indeed a very broad and spiritual horticultural knowledge. Although the flowers of Chinese orchids are small, they are very inclusive, no matter plum, lotus, daffodils, chrysanthemums, peonies and all kinds of strange flowers, and even animals and insects such as butterflies, lions, dragons and unicorns. Even its leaves can combine stripes, lines, spots, edges and brocade into one and weave the most beautiful pictures in the color of gold and silver. Chinese orchid is by no means ordinary flowers, it has profound artistic connotation, strong knowledge and obvious personality, it can be said that one flower, one world, each orchid confirms the beauty of people's soul. We can say unequivocally that Chinese orchids are the most beautiful flowers in the world. I have little talent, little practical experience in orchid cultivation, and no introduction to orchid appreciation. Mr. Cheng Yu of Western Orchid magazine insisted that I write this proposition. It is only when I write that it is difficult to write, and I am even more afraid of mistakes and omissions. Please forgive me.

The national orchid can be divided into two categories: flower art and leaf art, and it can be divided into 13 strains, such as plum, lotus, daffodil, vegetable, strange butterfly, color flower, strange leaf, line art, leaf love flower, snowflake point dragon holding pearl, Linsheng body and so on. No matter appreciate the flower art or leaf art of Guolan, its creativity is to seek the image as a symbol, to turn nature into artistic conception, and the purpose is to make people's spiritual beauty prove in the orchid, so as to correspond and promote each other. We are well aware of creativity and purpose, as long as the correct attitude of appreciation is not difficult to grasp its standards. First, the flower appreciation standards of Chinese orchids: there are about 15 basic standards for the appreciation of Chinese orchids. 1, the main positive: the main lobe should be correct, and those with skew are inferior products. 2. Flat shoulder: the midline of the two sidelobe is horizontal, which is flat shoulder, and those above the horizontal line are all top grade. Gradually falling, falling shoulders and vulgar "tripod birds" are all in shape, especially sick. 3. Petal circle: the outer three petals should be short, wide and round, and those who are narrow and long like bamboo leaves, lines and chicken claws are difficult to enter the authentic product. 4. Tight edge: the edge of the outer three lobes is slightly wrapped inward like a shallow spoon, and the tight edge, flat edge, reverse upright and warping angle are all inferior. 5. Three-petal arch embrace, after the flowers are in full bloom, the outer three petals still show the potential of embracing, reverse rolling, and those who float and warp are inferior. 6. Hold the petal short: the petal must be short and round, and all those with narrow tips are ordinary orchids. 7. Soft: hold the pocket must be soft, waxy, smooth and clean, and those who hold the heart thick and hard are inferior. 8. Big lips: the labial flap should be short, round and wide, and it is difficult for those with sharp tongue, narrow and long tongue. 9, fresh: the red dot on the tongue should be bright and dazzling, the dot should be shaped but not scattered, and the red dot is light and three or dark. 10, the mouth and tongue is correct: the entrance of insect pollination is the mouth, the mouth shape should be correct, all those who are open or mouth shape are sick. Lip relief should be moderate, posture should be correct, skewed tongue, hanging tongue, oblique twist are difficult to be selected as products. 11. Pole height: the pedicel should be thin, round and tall and protruding out of the leaf frame, while the pedicel is rough, curved, square-edged and low. 12, color: the design and color should be bright and beautiful, where the color is muddy, the color is dark and not clear, it is inferior or inferior. 13, waxy: the texture of petals should be delicate and moisturized, the texture of thick and waxy is the top grade, and the texture of coarse texture is low grade. 14, keep good, flowers bloom moonlight does not wither, shape does not change into flowers to keep good, commonly known as: "strong bones are good". Flowers bloom for seven days before setting, flowers bloom for half a month to keep whether or not, if the flowers bloom three or five days later, the color gradually fades. If the shape is getting worse, the flower guard is very bad. An analogy can determine the advantages and disadvantages of the flower guard. 15, charm noble: flowers and leaves of the shape, color, temperament, demeanor, charm and other combination of charm. Although verve is represented by the color, fragrance, shape, product, style and appearance of flowers and leaves, its artistic conception is outside the tangible. It is necessary to appreciate the higher literary and artistic accomplishment of the orchid people to understand. The first 14 standards above are all for verve. If the charm is not good, all of them will be lost. If the flowers are in good shape and color, and the flowers bow their heads, there will be no charm at all. Also like the flower has the taste, the shape has the appearance, the color is also good, but the stem short handle is short and the flower spacing is tight, this has lost the demeanor and the lasting appeal. The above 15 items are the general standards for the appreciation of Chinese orchids, which are more comprehensive with the standards of leaves and aroma. Let's not talk about the leaf standard of Qiye and thread art for the time being. 1. Plant shape Wenxiu: the plant shape of Chinese orchids seems to be the same, but in fact, there are upright and vigorous individuals, some semi-drooping and curved ones, some oblique drapes or full drooping, and so on, always with gentle and beautiful as the top grade, vigorous and vigorous without losing the United States for both rigid and soft, otherwise it is rough wood. Bending and sagging does not mean weakness, there is a graceful square curve in the soft, the leaf arrangement should be purged or buckled with a taste of simplicity, and the fluffy head always feels unbeautiful. 2. The leaf is graceful: according to the Koran spectrum, "the incense foot, mantis belly and tail are beautiful leaves." that is to say, the petiole is as tight as "line incense", the middle of the leaf width is like "belly", and the leaf tip is like "tail". In fact, the fine tail of orchids are all like "stern". In the Koran spectrum, "tail" may sound like a pen error. There are many beautiful leaves, such as "bearing dew leaf", "round spoon leaf" and so on, which are always tangible and stylish, flat and invisible are all ordinary flowers. 3. The leaves are sticky and moist: the leaves of the national orchid are waxy and moist, and the veins are fine before they can bloom. The leaves are rough, the veins are thick or thin, and there are no good flowers. 4. Leaf color: the green leaf color is better, the vegetarian heart leaf color is moist and light, the odd flower leaf color is mostly yellowing, the thick skin color is heavy without gloss, and the leaf color is bright and rough. 5. Leaf sheath is firm: leaf sheath is also commonly known as foot shell, beetle, leaf trousers and so on. The leaf sheath is firm, the texture is thick and waxy, the shape is type, the color hanging color square is the top grade, the light and soft oil and astringent color are inferior. 6. The aroma is clear and elegant: the aroma of Chinese orchid is clear and elegant before it shows its noble taste. The aroma is strong, strong, turbid, depressed and stuffy, all of which are not good. Even those who have no fragrance or bad smell will not be selected. The above 21 items are the general standards for the appreciation of Chinese orchids. There are more varieties of Chinese orchids, and there are fine and strict appreciation standards for the strong personality of Chinese orchids and strains. The following different words introduce the appreciation standards of national orchid plum, lotus, daffodil, vegetable, strange, butterfly, color flower, strange leaf, line art and new strain leaf love flower, snowflake spot, dragon holding pearl rare body and so on. If there are any mistakes or omissions, please correct them with the Fang family in order to move forward together. Second, the appreciation standard of Chinese orchid petals: about 260 years ago, during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Bao Yiyun of Anhui Province summed up his predecessors' experience of appreciating orchids and wrote a book named "miscellaneous notes of orchids", which first put forward the petal classification of national orchids. In the 260 years since then, people have continuously deepened and improved the appreciation standard of petal flower art, which can be said to be extremely good and beautiful, and the key lies in how we study hard so as to understand and understand its essence. Seek the image as the symbol in the natural beauty, turn the natural beauty into the artistic conception, make people's spiritual beauty prove in the orchid, this is the true meaning of the petal theory of the national orchid, not only say the petal art of the plum: 1. Plum petals: also known as plum and plum petals. The most detailed account of the Quran spectrum of all previous dynasties wrote: "the plum petals are knotted three times, the heart is held in a pocket with a white head, and the tongue is short and round, which is very similar to the cold plum in early spring." The ancients refined sentences to cherish words and gold, but it made it difficult for today's people to understand and grasp, so that people who raise national orchids after beginners find it difficult to understand the standards. Only through careful observation in the practice of selecting varieties and cultivating orchids can we understand the standard of plum petals. Here are some very immature experiences and lessons that I have observed and learned in practice: when the new buds of plum petals sprout and unearthed, the color of the buds is more bright, and most of the bud tips have a little white jade peak, or the bud body is hung with color, and the texture is crystal and moist, and the bud color is turbid or oil astringent. Leaf pants are strong and scattered, each leaf pants twisted forward, leaf pants tight peak like a needle. Most of the leaves are vertical, the leaves are arranged neatly like dismantling fans, the bottom leaves are mostly fish-shaped, the petiole is tight and slender, the middle is belly-shaped, the leaf surface is mostly "dragon", the leaf tail is boat-shaped, the leaf surface is usually trench-shaped and uneven, the leaf vein is fine and contains no narrow wire, the leaf quality is moist, and the leaf color is green and glossy. The flower bract head is straight and gentle, the bird's mouth is short and the bottom is tight, round and muddy but not bulging. If the flower bud round drum like a fist, the flower does not bloom and see the heart white head, hold the heart will be hard knot, the outer valve will float. There are many kinds of plum petal bud shell color, but the shell tip must hang green color or jade white peak, the capsid layer by layer adds color to add color hemp pattern to gradually dilute, the top plum petal often has 2 to 3 pieces of color shell, the edge has the jade white edge coat shell without the hemp pattern resembles the petal, the ovary shell full color shell and wrinkles the flower shape will be round and large. There are emerald-green shell, purple-red shell, red-green shell, white jade shell, glass shell and so on. When the bud shows the capsid, it looks like a lotus seed or a flower, and the head shape will not bow to the sky. There is a white peak at the top of the bud, with a white edge, holding its head high and gradually releasing its petals. Carefully observe the process of plum petal blooming, plum blossom welcome spring, the mood of melting snow and ice. There are many varieties of plum petals, but the more easily the outer petals hold the heart, the easier the lip petals are pointed and small, while the tighter the hearts are, the tighter the outer petals are. The outer petals are round but easy to float, and hard white tendons are also easy to appear on the outer petals. Commonly known as "back", although no one calls it "crystal plum petal", it is inferior according to the traditional standard theory. Zhonggong is the key to the advantages and disadvantages of plum petal flower varieties. The common types of plum petal pouches are as follows: soft silkworm moth: shaped like the head of a silkworm moth, the front end of the petal is far away and rolled inward to show jade white or milky yellow. The texture of the holding flap is soft, waxy, moist and fleshy, but the two petal nests are held together, round and smooth. The top of the heart does not show the back of the nose, and the side of the heart does not show the tongue and gills. If you want to have a round tongue, bangs are better. With a round outer valve such as Chunlan "Song Mei" is the top grade in the plum gate. Semi-hard silkworm moth holding, also known as semi-hard holding, holding pocket thick and hard. The holding flap can still divide the nest or split the head and close the back, the labial flap is relatively short, and the middle palace feels a little tight. Already can open the plum door top grade. Hard hold: hold the heart thick and hard, hold the flap with the shoulder and back, the tip of the tongue flap is small, the middle palace is tight, although the outer valve is round, it only enters the middle palace. Lute head holding, putty block holding, fist holding, holding flap and core column bonded and ossified as a whole, tongue flap tip as small as rice or no tongue flap, a few also have lower tongue flap, but all have no mouth and hanging tongue. This kind of plum petals, no matter how round the outer petals, are like plum blossoms that cannot blossom normally after freezing with ice and snow. They are inferior products and are not selected. The ancients Yan said: "Mei Wuda tongue" indeed, if the plum petal without art variety can have a moderate opening of the tongue petal short, wide and wide, the heart soft waxy smooth and smooth, the middle palace is not tight and the outer valve is reasonable, the outer valve is round and tight, the main body is straight, the shoulder is flat, the blossom is full of posture and embrace, the color is pretty waxy, the pole is high, the charm is high, and the flower guard is good. This kind of plum petal can really be said to be a choice. The flowers in Chinese orchids are in good shape, and the petal-shaped flowers are not plum petals, but plum-shaped daffodils and lotus-shaped daffodils. Appreciate those frozen plum blossom petals is really better than enjoy ordinary orchids, but often generous. Plum petal flower art has been proposed for more than 260 years, the content of appreciation has not changed, the standard of appreciation has not changed. Therefore, people call it the traditional standard, which means old-fashioned products. Indeed, in terms of the strains appreciated by Guolan, the art of plum petals is old enough. However, for more than 200 years, people have been drilling in the plum petal, looking for new varieties, no matter how many new plum petals I produce. Strictly and seriously, there are too few breakthroughs with new ideas, but why are there so many new varieties? Speaking of a new plum petal flower, it can be said that the new variety seems to have some improper understanding of the word "variety". It seems that we still need to make efforts to inherit the tradition. May comrades who are interested in it seek knowledge with me.

Ding Yongkang's guest residence in Chengdu was written on the day of Tongqu in 2004.