The latest course of planting techniques and methods of Actinidia chinensis

Red kiwifruit is a kind of edible and medicinal fruit, each 100 grams of fresh fruit meat contains vitamin C 100 -420 mg, 5-10 times higher than citrus, 11-13 times higher than lemon, 20-80 times higher than apple, belongs to the red kiwifruit variety of Chinese kiwifruit, is a very early red variety, its progeny genetic characteristics are stable, stress resistance is strong, fruit is larger, flavor is sweet and delicious, more resistant to storage.

cutting propagation

Red kiwifruit cuttings propagation with dormant branches has rich sources of cuttings, stored in the branches of nutrients, seedlings after rooting rapid growth and other characteristics, and can be out of the nursery in the same year.

1. Select cuttings: dormant branches are thin, and roots are early after cutting. Dormancy branch thick root late, meet adverse weather conditions when easy to lose water withered flowers. However, it is difficult to breed robust seedlings by using too thin branches as cuttings. Therefore, branches with a diameter of 8~10 mm should be selected as cuttings.

2, timely cuttage: kiwi trees are generally pruned from January to mid-February, cuttings can be used to prune down the branches, with the cut with the plug. If the cuttings are collected earlier and the cutting period is late, the protective agent can be coated on the cut, and then the plastic film is wrapped for storage, or stored at 5℃, or stored in a cool place in the open field. No matter what kind of preservation method is used, it is necessary to prevent cuttings from losing water and drying. Cuttage period should not be later than April. Cuttage bed soil should choose clean fine sand or sandy soil.

3. Cutting treatment: in order to improve the seedling rate, the cuttings of red kiwifruit were cut and soaked in 50 times solution rooting promoter for 20 hours to absorb water fully to promote rooting. When using wooden boxes as cuttings, the cuttings can be shorter, about 10 cm is appropriate. With the field to do cuttings, cuttings should be longer, 15~20 cm is appropriate, cuttings should be deep.

4, timely planting pot: after cutting roots, you can plant pots. Pot soil water retention performance is better, otherwise it will affect the growth of cuttings. At the beginning of transplanting, the diameter of the pot should be 10.5~12 cm. As the seedlings grow, they should be transplanted to the big pot in time. After the new shoots of cuttage seedlings are elongated, they need to be supported by pillars as soon as possible.

artificial pollination

Red kiwifruit can produce large fruits after artificial pollination. The fruit without seeds will all drop. The more seeds there are, the bigger the fruit.

1. Pollen collection: To collect the flower buds that expand before the male flowers open. Or collect flowers after flowering and before flowering. Then the male flowers are sifted directly on an iron net with a mesh size of 2 to 3 mm. Or cut out the anthers with scissors. Or using a medicine picker to collect aldehyde? Then the anthers can be thinly spread on kraft paper, etc., and placed for 1 day and night at room temperature of 22~25℃ and humidity of 50%, so that they can be opened. After the medicine is prescribed, the pollen is collected through a sieve with mesh number 80~100. When preserving kiwifruit pollen, you can first put it into a container such as a tea tube filled with desiccant, and then wrap 1 teaspoon of pollen with a medicated paper, and then store it in a refrigerator. If necessary, you can take it out at any time.

2. Pollinating method: artificial pollination with cotton sticks within 3 days after male flowers bloom. Male flowers can maintain the ability of fertilization within 5 days after flowering. Artificial pollination is reliable when petals are not browned. Pollen extender can be used with lycopodium album. The increment degree of pollen is generally 30~50 times of pollen capacity. In order to make pollen adhere to more pistil, pollen and lycopodium can be packed into plastic bags, and fully vibrated and stirred. Kiwifruit pollen that has been diluted in increments with lycopodium album must be used on the same day. Pollinating apparatus can use cotton swab or feather to wait. Pollinating should be done carefully. When the stigma of female flowers is good, artificial pollination can sometimes be carried out in the rain.

Garden construction

Kiwifruit is a perennial vine plant, its growth potential is strong, rapid growth, large leaves, dioecious plants, after 3 years into the fruiting period. It has the characteristics of light, humidity, acid soil, strong light, waterlogging and alkaline soil. To choose convenient transportation, fertile land, irrigation and drainage convenient loam or sandy loam, in this artificial soil cultivation, root system developed, the ground part of the growth exuberant, the results are many, and the fruit is large, good color. Gravel and clay followed. But before planting, it is better to remove sand (stone) for soil exchange and sand improvement. The pH value of the soil should be between 6.5 and 7.2, and it can be planted on hills, gentle slopes and flat lands. In order to conserve water and fertilizer, the belt terraces or fish scale pits should be built according to contour lines when building gardens on slope land. Kiwifruit afraid of strong winds, especially dry hot wind in summer, often blowing off branches, so that the leaf edge withered coke, leaves fall off, so the site of the garden to avoid tuyere, windy areas to build windbreak forest belt.

It is best to cultivate seedlings for their own use, so that quality can be guaranteed. If you buy seedlings, you must pay attention to identifying grafted seedlings and seedlings. Seedling leaves smaller, more pubescent, dark green leaves, leaf tip prominent. Grafted seedlings, however, had large leaves, less pubescence, light leaf color, round or elliptical leaves, and no prominent leaf tips. In Guanzhong region, wild Actinidia deliciosa should be selected as rootstock, so that seedlings grow robust and resistant. Jinyan kiwifruit belongs to dioecious plant. In addition to planting female plants, a certain number of male plants must be arranged when establishing garden. The florescence of male plants is consistent with that of female plants, with long florescence, large pollen quantity, strong affinity and high pollen germination rate. The leaves of male plants are small and round, dark green in color, while the leaves of female plants are large and slightly light in color. Male plant internode short and stout, female plant internode long slightly thin, male plant petiole short, female plant petiole long. Buds of male plants, middle main bud with hairs exposed. Buds of female plants, middle main bud prominent, smooth and round, glabrous. Kiwifruit bud full, exposed, easy to touch off in the process of transportation, so pay attention to protection.

The competition of fruit quality is actually the competition of varieties. In the establishment of the garden, we must consider the configuration of good varieties, select the current excellent varieties and reasonable combinations.

It is 3 m ×4 m in flat cultivation. The gentle slope is 3 m x 3 m or 3 m x 4 m. Kiwi to T-frame or improved T-frame for the best, can also be used scaffolding. The yield of fence is lower. Hillside garden according to contour planting or digging fish scale pit planting. Flat garden is built according to the selected plant spacing. Digging and planting, north-south behavior is good. According to the plant spacing line dot after digging, planting pit 1 meter square. Then a layer of grass, a layer of manure, a layer of soil alternately filled, the upper layer of fertilizer is best mixed with compound fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer and soil. Note that if there is too much sand, the soil should be changed. Generally, 50~100 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5~ 1 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied to the planting pit every year. Dig a small hole with a shovel on the filled planting pit, put the seedlings on the root neck, straighten the tree body and stabilize the soil. Too deep or too shallow is not conducive to seedling. Autumn planting, spring planting can be, but autumn planting must be buried cold.

When planting kiwifruit, male plants must be allocated according to the proportion, 8:1 is good. In May (flowering period) rainy areas can be 7:1 configuration. The seedlings planted should have 5 full buds, and the roots should be properly pruned to promote new roots. After the water seeps, soil is cultivated to the ground or slightly higher than the ground. After budding, wipe off the rootstock sprout in time. Remove the ligature at the grafting site in time. In order to prevent the newly issued branches from being blown off by the wind, it is necessary to erect a bamboo pole next to the seedlings to tie the seedlings to the bricks. It is best to set up the frame at one time or in stages so as not to affect the growth of kiwifruit. Intertill weeding, irrigation and fertilization in time to promote rapid growth of seedlings.