The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Kirin Watermelon

Kirin watermelon is a cultivated new variety of scientific research, which has very high requirements for growth environment, soil and sunshine, but since it only takes about 60 days from planting to flowering, from flowering to melon harvest, even if planting is fastidious, but because of the short cycle, good taste and quick benefits, farmers in Wenzhou and Hainan are very happy to plant them.

Select land to build shed

Select the land with high terrain, good drainage and deep soil layer to build the shed. Low-lying land with poor drainage is not suitable to build sheds. It is required that melon crops have not been planted within 3 years, and Jiangxi mostly chooses rice fields to grow "Qilin melon".

The greenhouse for planting watermelons generally adopts a simple bamboo structure greenhouse, with a width of 4.5 meters, a length of 25 meters and a height of 1.8 meters. The distance between the two greenhouses in the same row is 80,100cm, and the distance between the two rows of greenhouses is 2.53m. Generally speaking, the bamboo slices used for building sheds are about 7 meters long and 5 centimeters wide.

When building the shed, draw the boundary line of the shed according to the span of the shed, and drill a small hole about 30 cm deep with steel every 50 to 60 centimeters on the corresponding position of the two long edges. Then insert the bamboo piece into the pre-punched small hole, alternately carry out the base (thick) and the top (thin) when inserting the bamboo piece, and tie the arch bar firmly with a transverse tie bar at the top of the shed, so that the whole greenhouse is connected into a whole, and all the arches at the top are in the same horizontal position. Then a diagonal brace is installed on each side of the greenhouse, and then covered with the shed film, the soil is compacted on the shed film foot, so that the greenhouse film is taut, and the shed door is left at both ends.

Open a ditch to make a bed

1. Trenching: a good drainage ditch is opened around the greenhouse, which is required to be 50 cm deep and 30 cm wide, and the ditch between the shed and the shed is 25 cm wide and 25 cm deep. Require heavy rain, the water in the shed ditch can be discharged along the ditch, there can be no stagnant water, otherwise it is easy to cause watermelon rotting roots.

2. Land improvement: planting watermelon plots should turn over the soil deeply and sun up the permafrost when they are idle in winter. When the acidity of the soil is too large, quicklime can be used to neutralize the acidity. Generally, 100kg quicklime is applied to the ground per mu, and then cultivated land is cultivated.

3, make bed: watermelon should be cultivated in deep trench and high border. Generally, the greenhouse 4.5 to 5 meters wide is divided into 2 rows, and the border width is about 2.3 meters, which is about the shape of tortoise back. Each greenhouse only opens a trench in the middle to mourn 40 centimeters, and the ditch is 20 centimeters deep.

4. lower base fertilizer: one month before planting, 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg of rapeseed cake were applied per mu. Boron fertilizer should be applied to boron deficient soil, and 1.5kg borax should be applied per mu. The base fertilizer should be trenched in the middle of the border and covered with soil.

5. Laying drip irrigation pipe and plastic film: half a month before planting, leveling the border surface, laying drip irrigation, covering plastic film and greenhouse film to increase temperature, the ground temperature should be more than 15 ℃ before planting.

Seedling raising technique

It is generally cultivated in the way of greenhouse + small greenhouse + plastic film. Conditionally, the seedlings are sown and raised by electric heating line in the middle and last ten days of December and transplanted in the first and middle of February. Those without heating equipment should sow and raise seedlings in mid-late February and transplant in late March.

The main results are as follows: 1. The selection of seedling bed: the seedlings should be raised in the greenhouse, and the plots which are close to the cultivated field, with high dryness, shelter from the wind and sun, good light conditions and convenient drainage and irrigation should be selected.

2. Preparation of nutritious soil: nutritious soil is required to be loose, fertile and water-retaining, and should be composted more than one month in advance. The paddy soil which had not been planted with melons for more than 3 years was mixed with mature farm fertilizer, compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and plant ash, and then covered with film. ∶ mature farm fertilizer ∶ plant ash = 5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2 in paddy soil, while 5 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 2 kg crushed compound fertilizer were added to 1 cubic meter nutrient soil. In the process of mixing, you can use 50% carbendazim 600 times solution or 1% formalin solution to disinfect, sprinkle evenly, dry and sieve.

3. Nursery bed preparation: generally, about 400 watermelons need to be raised per mu. Set up the seedling shed ahead of time to make an electric hotbed. The nursery bed is 1.3m wide and 5cm deep, with a length of 5cm. Cover it with a layer of old film for heat preservation, fill it with 2 cm thick grain chaff, cover it with a layer of disease-free fine soil, flatten the soil surface, and then spread an electric hot line for heating. Every 10 square meters of seedling bed cloth is 1000 watts of electric hotline, sparse in the middle of the bed and slightly denser on both sides. Connect the power supply and switch, select the 10 cm × 10 cm plastic nutrition bowl, install the nutritious soil and arrange it on the electric hot line of the seedbed, cover the film to keep warm.

4. Accelerating germination and sowing: one day before sowing, soak in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes for 30 minutes, while soaking and stirring. Or treat with 1% formaldehyde solution for 10 minutes, rinse with clean water, and then soak the seeds for 6-8 hours. Then the mucus on the surface of the seed was scrubbed clean, wrapped in a wet cloth, and germinated at a temperature of 28 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ (which can be accelerated by human body temperature or electric blanket). The seeds were generally sown in white after 24 hours. Two days before sowing, the bottom water of nutritious soil was fully watered, and the seedling bed was preheated by electrification. When the soil temperature was controlled above 25 ℃, the seeds could be sowed. Sowing in the morning on a sunny day is appropriate, one grain per bowl, seeds should be placed flat, cover fine soil 0.5 cm after sowing, cover with plastic film after proper sprinkling, and build a small arch shed to keep warm.

5. Seedling stage management

① temperature: keep the temperature of the small arch shed higher before emergence, 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ at night. When 30% of the seedlings are unearthed, remove the plastic film covered on the nutrition bowl and the small arch shed film for ventilation. After emergence, the temperature in the greenhouse was about 25 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night. If the temperature is insufficient during the seedling raising, the electric heating line should be used to turn on the temperature.

② humidity: the moisture management of nutritious soil in seedling bed adopts the principle of "should be dry rather than wet", watering as little as possible after emergence to true leaves, and then depends on the dry and wet condition of nutritious soil. If the soil is not white, it should be watered thoroughly, and watering should be carried out at noon. Under the condition of ensuring the temperature, the greenhouse should be ventilated as much as possible to reduce the humidity so as to prevent the occurrence of diseases. If the rain begins to clear and the seedling leaves wilt, the seedlings should be properly covered with shading net to promote the seedlings to return to normal. Stop watering 5-7 days before transplanting. There is generally no need for topdressing at the seedling stage, if the seedling growth is weak, 0.3% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for extra-root topdressing.

③ light: let the seedlings see more light at the seedling stage, and remove the small arch shed film during the day. Artificial lighting should be carried out in case of continuous rainy days, and 300 watts of incandescent light bulb should be used for every 10 square meters of seedling bed.

Prevention and control of ④ diseases and insect pests: because of the low temperature and high humidity of seedling bed in early spring, many diseases such as quenching disease are easy to occur. In addition to reducing the humidity in the greenhouse as much as possible, Purek, Dasheng and Metalaxyl mancozeb can be used to control. In case of continuous low temperature, weak time and rainy days, the medicament can be mixed with dry soil and sprinkled in the seedbed. Spray 50% carbendazim 600 times solution into the field before planting.