Who will solve the sorrow in the disaster of growing grain?

"people often help the sky, overjoyed in the skylight"; "people often encounter natural disasters, there is no place to tell their hearts." Through the ages, "harvesting by heaven" seems to be an insurmountable obstacle for grain farmers. Even in today's highly developed science and technology, people still can not get rid of the harassment of natural disasters.

Under the background of China's grain production increasing in the "eleven years", although the national summer grain production has increased continuously like sesame blossoms, reaching the excellent situation of increasing production in "twelve years", the disasters in some provinces have made tens of millions of grain farmers want to cry without tears?

In Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Jiangsu Province, southern Henan Province and other southern provinces, from the growing period to the mature stage, a lot of wheat was attacked by overcast and rainy disasters, and imperfect grains increased in vain, which did not meet the national standards and could not be sold at the lowest purchase price. 70% of the wheat in Funan county, Anhui province, is unsalable. In Tanghe, Henan Province, a jin of wheat is only sold for eighty or nine cents. In mid-July, the quality deviation of Xinmai in southern Henan, Jiangsu, central Anhui and Hubei was generally on the high side, with a bulk density of 740-770 g / L, moisture of 13-14%, and the purchase price was about 1.1 yuan, which was about 0.01-0.03 / jin lower than the price at the beginning of the month. And it continues to decline.

In the face of the continuous rain of new wheat, the problem of "difficulty in selling grain" perplexes the hard-working grain farmers. To solve the "difficulty in selling grain" of disaster-stricken farmers, we should start from many aspects.

The government came forward.

Farmers are the cornerstone of the government, and the government is the protector of farmers' interests.

In our country, grain, the most fundamental food for the survival and development of the people, is produced by tens of thousands of honest and honest farmers. During the period of the planned economy, the state purchased and sold the grain produced by farmers at low prices, and the farmers' income was reduced by nearly 500 billion yuan.

After the reform and opening up and the diversification of grain purchase and marketing, the state has implemented the policy of minimum grain purchase price in major grain producing areas in order to protect the interests of grain farmers. In 2015, the lowest purchase price of medium wheat was 1.18 yuan per jin. When the new wheat is on the market and the market price is lower than the minimum purchase price, the state buys it according to the lowest purchase price; when the market price is higher than the lowest purchase price, it will sell in the market.

It should be pointed out that the wheat purchased at the lowest purchase price is in line with the national quality standards. As for wheat that suffers from overcast and rainy disasters, imperfect grains seriously exceed the standard, and wheat with imperfect grains exceeding 10% according to this year's regulations cannot be purchased at the lowest purchase price.

As a result of natural disasters, the quality of wheat does not meet the national quality standards. in the face of the high level of national grain stocks and cheap imported grain, the state cannot buy, processing enterprises dare not buy, trading enterprises do not dare to intervene, and farmers can only "look at wheat and sigh".

In the face of such a situation, the only thing that can help farmers is the government. We are pleased to see that the Anhui provincial government has recently introduced policies and measures to protect the interests of damaged wheat farmers.

The people's Government of Anhui Province decided to start temporary collection and storage of wheat at the provincial level. The scope of temporary collection and storage of wheat at the provincial level is the key counties (cities and districts) of Bozhou, Fuyang, Suzhou, Bengbu, Liu'an, Chuzhou, Huainan and Huaibei, which are the main producing areas. For wheat that meets the quality standards, the national minimum purchase price plan is still strictly implemented; for wheat with imperfect grains less than 20% and bulk density not less than 710 grams (710 grams / liter), the temporary storage price at the provincial level is 1.1 yuan / jin.

Insurance impairment

"unexpected events in the sky" is an unchangeable law of nature. It is not uncommon that agricultural production, especially food production, is affected by natural disasters. Especially when the environment is destroyed today, natural disasters occur frequently.

In China, which has a vast territory, there are different natural disasters in different regions every year. For farmers engaged in grain production, although they can avoid some small natural disasters, there is nothing they can do about major natural disasters that are irresistible.

It is necessary for the government to help in the event of natural disasters. However, in the long run, it is still necessary to establish a social security mechanism for disaster-stricken farmers.

From the practice of developed countries and China in recent years, agricultural insurance is a very good choice. At present, China's agricultural insurance research covers wheat, rice, corn and other major crops. There is a certain amount of compensation for farmers who have been hit by natural disasters.

Compared with the actual investment in agricultural production, the crop insurance in our country is still insufficient. The main manifestations are as follows: the insurance amount is too low, the compensation procedure is complex, and the compensation amount is too small.

For agricultural production insurance with low income and high compensation rate, the state should provide preferential policies. In this regard, we can learn from the practice of the United States.

American agricultural insurance consists of catastrophe insurance and additional insurance. Catastrophe insurance is compulsory insurance, catastrophe insurance provides 50% of the average output of the protection force, lower than this protection force, can get 55% of the market price of the crop compensation. The additional risk is voluntary insurance, which requires additional purchase by the insured. The maximum insured output can be 85% of the average output, and the maximum compensation can be 100% of the market price. In addition, regional risk insurance can also be purchased, which is characterized by taking the average output of the insured area as the benchmark, and when the output is lower than the insured output, the insurance company will compensate, regardless of the individual output of the insured farmers in this area.

American agricultural insurance supports commercial insurance companies by means of direct financial subsidies, tax incentives, reinsurance and so on. Direct financial subsidy is a business subsidy for the operation and management of commercial insurance companies, which is generally 18.5% of the premium. Tax preference means that the federal and state governments exempt commercial insurance companies engaged in agricultural insurance from all taxes except 1% Shai 4% business tax. Reinsurance refers to providing a certain proportion of reinsurance protection for commercial insurance companies engaged in agricultural insurance, and the excess is purchased by commercial insurance companies through the reinsurance market. In addition, the US government has further stimulated the enthusiasm of insurance companies to carry out agricultural insurance business by establishing a risk-sharing mechanism with commercial insurance companies and sharing the benefits of the insurance market.

Only by improving China's agricultural insurance system and ensuring agricultural income, can farmers' income from the production of agricultural products, especially grain, be guaranteed, and can the enthusiasm of production be sustained.

Multi-party rescue

Although food products affected by natural disasters cannot be purchased as national standards, they are not completely worthless.

As grain processing, feed, aquaculture, trade and other enterprises that survive and develop because of food products, when the grain produced by farmers is lost, they should take the initiative to lend a helping hand.

For flour processing enterprises, the wheat with imperfect grains exceeding the standard can be fully sorted out by using finishing equipment. In the processing, the use of blending processing methods, through dilution, the production of flour can also meet the edible requirements.

Imperfect grains of wheat that can not be eaten as rations can be used as feed as long as the mycotoxins do not exceed the standard. Feed processing enterprises and aquaculture enterprises should also actively help farmers solve their worries.

Grain trading enterprises connecting production and sales should make full use of the advantages of well-informed information and extensive channels, and sell wheat with imperfect grains exceeding the standard to places where they are needed according to the consumption needs of different regions. It can not only meet the diversified needs, but also solve the worries of farmers, but also obtain certain economic benefits.