The latest course on techniques and methods of plum seedling cultivation

Plum is a deciduous tree of the genus Prunus in Rosaceae, and it is one of people's favorite fruits. It is cultivated in various provinces of China and all over the world. It is one of the important temperate fruit trees with strong adaptability to climate. In production, we often use split seedlings, cutting seedlings and grafting seedlings. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of plum seedlings.

Separate seedlings of plum trees

Plum tree rhizosphere sprouting can be used for ramet propagation, usually accumulate soil in the rhizosphere to promote the formation of adventitious buds on the horizontal root, and separate the root tiller seedlings from the mother plant the following year after sprouting, and become independent seedlings for transplanting.

Cuttage seedling of plum tree

1. Build a nursery bed: build a plastic shed in the shade (bamboo, wood, grass curtain materials can be used), clean up the field in the shed, and make a cutting bed with fine river sand. The cutting bed was sterilized strictly with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazim or 70% topiramate or 58% mancozeb 500 part solution, and the spraying amount was on the surface of the wet sand bed. The temperature in the shed is kept at 20 ℃ to 28 ℃ and the relative humidity is not less than 70%. Since it is a softwood cuttage with leaves, the natural scattered light must be irradiated in the shed to facilitate the photosynthesis of the cuttings. The size of the shed depends on the number of seedlings raised. Generally, about 250 seedlings can be raised per square meter.

2. Collecting panicle strips: from the disease-free area, the young twigs of strong mother trees with leaves in the peak fruit period (cuttings in early spring can collect unsprouted branches of the previous year, with a thickness of about 0.7 cm) are used as cuttings, with a length of 10 cm to 20 cm. The upper part retains 2 to 3 leaves or 3 to 5 and a half leaves. The varieties of cuttings cut should not be mixed and should be labeled in time. Panicle strips are required to be semi-lignified and free from diseases and insect pests. The harvested ear strips are bundled into a handful every 50 to 100, and the part of the base about 2 cm long is immersed in ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution or 0.025% naphthalene acetic acid solution with a concentration of 0.005% to 0.01% for half an hour to 1 hour.

3. Cutting in time: sharpen the base of cuttings with a knife. Before cutting, punch holes in the cutting bed with a small stick, and then insert the cuttings into the holes with a cutting depth of 5 to 8 centimeters and plant spacing of 6 to 8 centimeters. Immediately water the cuttings and buckle the shed to moisturize in time.

4. Management after insertion: pay attention to the temperature in the shed, bed humidity, ventilation and light transmission, such as high temperature at noon, spray more cold water. Under the condition of ensuring the temperature and humidity required for cuttings, the water content of the cutting bed should be reduced as far as possible to prevent the seedlings from rotting. The callus began to produce 7 days after cuttage, and the cuttings began to root 15 days later. When the number of roots reached more than 10 and the average length of roots reached more than 5 cm, it could be transplanted.

Grafting seedling of plum tree

1. Rootstock selection: wild peaches, plums, cherries and other stumps can be cut or sawed as rootstocks at 6 cm from the ground (also according to the shape of the tree).

2. Scion selection: fully developed 1-year-old semi-lignified branches with full buds and no insect pests were selected as panicles, with a length of about 7 cm, leaving 5-7 buds as scions, and the collected scions were wrapped in wet cloth.

3. Method selection: generally, it is carried out before the rootstock buds germinate or when the buds begin to sprout without spreading leaves. The common splitting method is mainly suitable for thicker rootstocks. This method is easy to master, the interface healing is fast and firm, and the survival rate is high.

4. Grafting method: the rootstock was watered once the day before grafting, and then the cutting surface of the rootstock was flattened with a knife, then a split about 3 cm long was cut with a grafting knife or blade, and the lower end of the picked scion was also cut into a wedge-shaped surface slightly thicker on one side and about 3 cm in length on the other side, leaving only 2 buds. After sowing the slightly thicker edge of the scion outward and thin into the split and forming a layer, tie it tightly with a wide plastic strip, and bind the upper end of the scion with plastic film to prevent moisture evaporation and insect pests, such as dry bath and windy weather. You must use a transparent plastic bag, and after putting a small cotton ball that absorbs enough water inside, cover the part above the interface and tie the mouth of the bag tightly.

5. After management: generally, shearing anvil germinates earlier than folding anvil. But in summer, the shearing anvil must be cut 3-5 cm away from the grafting bud, leaving a few leaves on the rootstock, and then cut the rootstock 1 cm on the grafted bud after germination. After cutting the rootstock, you should wipe the buds in time, erase all the buds on the rootstock, leaving only the grafting buds. Seedlings should be watered at the later stage. At the end of September, when the grafted buds grew to 70-100 cm, all the grafted buds were coring, and stopped watering to promote the seedlings to grow thicker and mature, so as to improve the overwintering ability of the seedlings.