The latest hazelnut planting techniques tutorial

Hazelnut is a shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus of Betulaceae. It is one of the four dried fruits in the world with strong adaptability. It can grow in mountains, hills, valleys and riversides. Artificial planting began to bear fruit for 2 ~ 4 years and entered the full fruit period for 5 ~ 7 years. Artificial reclamation of wild hazelnut forest for 2 or 3 years can see obvious economic benefits and has high planting prospects. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of hazelnut.

Planting conditions of hazelnut

1. Temperature: different kinds of hazelnut trees have different requirements for temperature. Hazel prefers a warm and humid climate. The suitable average temperature is 13-15 ℃, the absolute lowest is-10 ℃, and the extremely high temperature is 38 ℃. Pingou hybrid is more cold-resistant than hazel, and is suitable for cultivation in the area with an average annual temperature of 7.5-13 ℃ and a minimum temperature of-30 ℃.

2. Lighting: hazelnut trees are light-loving plants, and annual sunshine hours are generally required to be more than 2100 hours, otherwise the flower bud formation is less and the yield is low.

3. Soil: hazelnut trees like to grow on fertile and well-ventilated sandy loam, especially Pingou hybrids have high requirements for soil, dry sand, clayey soil, swamp, saline land and low-lying land are not suitable to establish hazelnut garden. The soil pH value of Pingou hybrids is 6.5-7.5 and that of hazel is 5.5-7.

Propagation techniques of hazelnut

1. Sowing and reproduction: in the wild hazel forest, select the high-yielding, large fruit and pest-free clumps as the mother tree, from which the hazelnuts with large grains, full kernels and no diseases and insect pests are selected for sowing. The germination ability of hazel seeds was maintained for 1 year. The sowing time is appropriate in spring, usually in the middle and last ten days of April. The row spacing is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 6 cm, the bed spacing is 20 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm. When sowing, first make a trench on the flattened surface, with a depth of 5cm to 6cm. Then sow the pure seeds screened by wet sand into the bottom of the ditch according to the row spacing mentioned above, cover the soil by 3cm and press it slightly.

2. Ramet propagation: there are two methods of ramet propagation: one is to dig up all the mother plants and divide them into several clumps or individual plants, each of which has roots and 1 branch. Second, the root tiller was dug around the mother plant cluster, and several plants were separated, and the mother plant was still retained. Ramet seedlings should retain 20 cm of root segments and have a certain number of fibrous roots. After the ramet seedlings leave the mother, they should cut short branches, leave 15cm to 20cm long, and immediately fake planting to keep them moist and prevent water loss.

3. Root tiller propagation: there are two methods of root tiller propagation. One is to dig the root tillers around the existing clump to obtain seedlings. The second is to breed in a special mother garden. The mother plant to be propagated should be planted flat in spring to promote root tillering in the plant cluster. During the growing period, adequate fertilizer and water supply should be ensured and properly cut so that the root tillers are not too dense, which not only ensures the good growth of root tillers, but also facilitates the digging of seedlings in autumn.

4. Striping propagation

① horizontal striping: it can be carried out in autumn or spring, but it is the most suitable in spring. Pull the exuberant annual branches horizontally, lay them on the ground, and fix them without pressing the soil. Carefully protect the leaf buds and make them germinate. In this way, almost all buds can grow into new buds on the horizontal plane. When the new plant is slightly longer than 10-15 cm, wrap 2-3 circles of soft iron wire on each node of the annual branch (that is, the base of each new branch) to promote the formation of new roots. Then the new soil was raised to 2/3 of the height, and then the soil was recultivated for 1 or 2 times according to the new growth height. After falling leaves in autumn, each node is cut to form a seedling with a vertical new point and a root system at the base.

② bow crimping: bow crimping is divided into hardbranch crimping and twig crimping. The hard branch pressing is carried out in early spring, dig a ditch 15-20 cm deep around the plant, sprinkle the mature farm manure mixed with soil into the ditch, and keep the ditch 10-15 cm deep. The distance between the trench and the base of the plant clump is that the lower part of the branch can touch the bottom of the trench when the branch bends. Choose a well-developed annual branch and bend to the bottom of the ditch. Fix it, then press it with soil and fill the trench. In this way, the shoots exposed on the ground germinate and grow, and some of them take root in the soil. In order to promote the roots of the branches, you can also ring-peel the branches pressed at the bottom of the trench, with a width of 1mm to 2mm, remove the phloem, or cut a few knives laterally. Twig striping can be carried out in the first and middle of June, when the basal branch of the same year grows to 60-80 cm, the method is the same as that of hardbranch crimping.

Planting management of hazelnut

1. Planting density: if the hazelnut tree wants to achieve high yield, then the planting density of the hazelnut tree should be reasonable. Reasonable selection of planting density of hazelnut trees is closely related to many factors, such as species, varieties, rootstocks, cultivation techniques, tree shape, topography, soil, climatic conditions and so on. Therefore, many factors should be taken into account when choosing the planting density of hazelnut trees, so that hazelnut trees can grow healthily.

2. Planting density: in the areas with fertile soil and flat terrain, the planting distance of hazelnut trees should be larger, the slope should be larger, and the planting row spacing should be smaller in the mountain hazel orchards with barren soil. For varieties with exuberant growth and open crown, the row spacing of planting plants should be larger, and for varieties with weak growth and upright and compact crown, the row spacing of hazelnut trees can be smaller. According to the different cultivation purpose, the cultivation density should also be different. Some for early high yield, we can use planned close planting, early close planting, and later thinning when the garden is closed.

3. Planting depth: the root system should not bury the soil too deep or too shallow, and the root neck and the ground should be slightly lower than 5 cm after planting. It is appropriate to bury the soil at a depth of 610 cm above the root system. If the soil in the hole is loose, in order to prevent the soil from sinking too much after planting, which makes it difficult to grasp the planting depth, it should be watered properly before planting. Or use your feet to firm up the soil in the cave slightly.

4. Reasonable watering: an irrigation tree plate is built around the hazelnut tree, with a diameter of 1m, which is convenient for irrigation and water storage. Water should be irrigated immediately after planting, and sufficient irrigation is required. After water infiltration, the soil was sealed to preserve soil moisture, and plastic film was used to cover the tree plate to keep moisture and increase temperature, promote the activity of hazelnut root system and improve the survival rate.

5. Timely pruning: leave a trunk, and then trim it according to its own growth and development characteristics to form a reasonable skeleton. Generally used there are three kinds of tree shape, less trunk cluster shape, single stem shape, multi-trunk cluster shape. Less trunk plexiform, leaving 3-4 basal branches as main branches and oblique extending to different directions. There are lateral branches on the main branches of the hazelnut tree, vegetative branches and fruiting mother branches on the lateral branches. The overall formation is still happy tree shape, single stem shape, this kind of tree shape should retain a trunk, leave 3-4 evenly distributed main branches on the trunk, leave side branches on the main branches, and bear auxiliary branches and fruiting mother branches on the side branches to form a short trunk.

6. Rational fertilization: apply rotten farm manure at the beginning of May and topdressing compound fertilizer in July. In the second year of planting, you can project fertilizer around the hazelnut crown, not too deep.

7. Fixed drying after planting: hazelnut trees are fixed dry after planting, which are divided into single stem shape and cluster shape. The land with good soil, fertilizer and water conditions should be a single trunk tree shape with a fixed stem height of 60 cm to 70 cm, otherwise it should be a clump tree shape with a fixed stem height of 30 cm to 40 cm. The seedlings planted in that year should strengthen the management of water and fertilizer to make them grow and develop healthily, sprout a certain number of branches and have a good degree of Lignification, so as to prevent hazelnut trees from overgrowing. After defoliation in autumn, cultivate the soil to protect against cold, up to 1 beat 2 of the plant. If the cold-proof soil is removed in the next spring, there is generally no need to cultivate the soil to prevent the cold from the second year.