The latest grafting method of jujube

Red jujube, also known as jujube, jujube, etc., is a small deciduous tree of Rhamnaceae jujube, which grows in mountains, hills or plains below 1700 meters above sea level. Some varieties can also be sown. Grafted jujube trees generally use bark grafting, split grafting, abdominal grafting and bud grafting. Let's take a look at jujube grafting methods.

Skin grafting

Bark grafting is a kind of branch grafting, which should be used in the period of exuberant sap flow and easy bark peeling after jujube sprouting. The grafting method is simple, fast and the survival rate is higher than other grafting methods. Select the smooth skin of the rootstock to cut off the rootstock, cut a small opening of about 0.5 cm from top to bottom on one side of the cross section to reach the xylem, peeling the cortex into a triangular crack. At the place where the lower end of the joint is 2cm away from the lower cross section, it is obliquely cut downward with a knife, the cut plane is horseear-shaped, and the oblique plane exceeds the centroid, and the lower end of the oblique face is cut into a short section of 2mm in length to form a zigzag acute point, which is easy to insert into the human skin. The cut side of the scion is inserted into the human skin from the triangular crack of the chopped rootstock (the scion length is closely connected with the xylem of the rootstock), and a 1 mm cut is left on the cutting surface, commonly known as "white", to facilitate the growth of healing tissue, and then the cut of the rootstock and the combination part with the scion are all wrapped tightly with plastic film, so that the grafting is completed. If Jiemu is not treated with wax seal, the secret should be wrapped strictly with a thin plastic film.

Split joint

Split grafting is a kind of branch grafting, also known as large grafting, the grafting time can be earlier than bark grafting, when the bark is not easy to peel off but the sap has begun to flow. Grafting of small seedlings or grafting of big trees in the nursery can be used. Grafting the seedlings in the nursery, first remove the weeds and useless roots and seedlings around the seedlings. Cut the rootstock seedlings to the ground, then dig down the soil about 10 cm deep, expose the smooth part of the rhizome, cut the cross section of the rootstock with scissors, and cut the rootstock longitudinally along the center of the cross section of the rootstock. Then quickly cut the scion down from 2 cm to 3 cm from the lower end into a double-sided wedge-shaped smooth cutting surface, the upper thickness is thinner, if the scion is thinner than the rootstock, one side of the cutting side is slightly thinner than the other. The main bud is on the thin side, and then the cut scion is quickly inserted into the split of the rootstock, and the upper end of the cutting surface of the scion leaves a 1-2 mm section, commonly known as "white", so that the cambium on the thicker side of the scion can be aligned with the cambium of the rootstock (for example, the thickness of the rootstock is the same as that of the scion, which can align the cambium on both sides of the rootstock and the scion). Then the split of the rootstock and the joint of the scion are evenly wrapped with plastic film for moisturizing. If the scion is not wax-sealed, use a thin plastic film to fasten the whole secret to prevent water loss.

Ventral graft

Ventral grafting is also a kind of branch grafting, and the appropriate time for grafting is the same as split grafting. When grafting, cut the rootstock and cut the split obliquely along the cross section of the rootstock, the depth is more than half of the diameter of the rootstock, but not more than 2 prime 3, otherwise it is easy to wind break and form an oblique incision up to the xylem. The cutting method of scion is basically the same as split grafting, but the difference is that the cutting surface of scion should be slightly longer on one side and shorter on the other. When grafting, insert the cut scion into the oblique cut of the rootstock, make the long cutting face inward and the short cutting face outward, so that the cambium of the scion and the rootstock skin are aligned, and other procedures and requirements are the same.

With wood budding

Sap grafting with wood is carried out after the sap of the rootstock is flowing in spring. at the smooth base of the rootstock, the bud grafting knife is used to cut a knife to the depth of the xylem on the rootstock, the length is about 1 inch of the diameter of the rootstock, and a shield-shaped piece is cut with a knife about 1 cm below the cut. To remove the xylem sheet, it is best to use a scion with a thickness similar to that of the rootstock, cut transversely with a knife 3 mm above the main bud, the length is the same as the transverse incision of the rootstock, and then cut a shield-shaped bud slice under the bud, the size is the same as the shield-shaped slice of the rootstock, expand the shield-shaped incision of the human rootstock, align the cambium of the bud with the cambium of the shield-shaped incision of the rootstock, wrap it tightly with a plastic film strip, and expose the main bud of the scion in the middle. Complete with wood budding. If the scion bud piece is smaller than the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, the upper incision of the scion and the cambium on one side of the scion should be aligned with the upper incision of the rootstock and the cambium on one side, and then the main bud should be strictly exposed with plastic film strips.

Bud grafting

1. Budding time: generally, after the main bud is formed in the growing season, the method of main bud grafting in the same year is used, which is also called T-shaped bud grafting. If you use a year's scion, you can also carry out bud grafting after sprouting in spring, because it is difficult to take full vascular bundles, so it is generally used with wood bud grafting, also known as embedded bud grafting. The rootstocks that survived before July can be cut off above the grafted buds and can still grow into mature grafted seedlings in the same year, and the grafted rootstocks that survive after August should not be cut by bamboo shoots, otherwise the grafted seedlings are difficult to survive the winter because of low Lignification, and then cut the rootstocks before sprouting in the spring of next year.

2, seed strip collection: generally use the jujube head in the current year, cut off the secondary branches and leaves on the main buds, retain the petiole, and then wrap them in a wet cloth to keep them moist and spare. The seed strips should not be put for a long time at room temperature, but should be used whenever they are picked. If they need to be stored for a long time, they should be stored in a refrigerated container of about 5 ℃.

3. Grafting method: in the smooth part of the rootstock, use a bud knife to cut a knife horizontally deep into the xylem, then cut a longitudinal notch downward from the middle of the transverse incision to form a T-notch, and take the bud with a sharp bud knife to cut a knife at the left and right 3mm above the main bud of the scion, reaching nearly 1cm in diameter of the scion, and then cut upward from the bud about 1cm below the bud and connected with the upper horizontal incision. Squeeze the bud piece gently with your hand, take out the bud and insert it into the incision of the rootstock quickly, align the transverse incision of the bud with the transverse incision of the rootstock, and use plastic film to expose the main bud and J handle. If the petiole remains green or falls off at the touch of the petiole 7 days after grafting, the grafted bud has survived, otherwise it will be regrafted.